--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       log:  C:\bdm2s2\data\May2002\output\Bdm2S2_ch4_domestic_policy.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  23 May 2002, 10:12:08

. /****************************************************************/
> /**************** Publication details  ***************************/
> /****************************************************************/
> 
> /* measurement */
> gen ss=log((S+1)*10)/3;
(7052 missing values generated)

.  corr S ss;
(obs=12461)

             |        S       ss
-------------+------------------
           S |   1.0000
          ss |   0.9989   1.0000


.   drop ss;

. corr W demaut if demaut==1 |demaut==0;
(obs=3225)

             |        W   demaut
-------------+------------------
           W |   1.0000
      demaut |   0.9731   1.0000


.  tab W demaut if demaut==1 |demaut==0;

           |  Polity: (democracy
   Winning |   score - autocracy
 Coalition |     score +10)/20
      size |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |       529          0 |       529 
       .25 |       710          0 |       710 
       .75 |         0        190 |       190 
         1 |         0       1796 |      1796 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |      1239       1986 |      3225 


. corr W demaut if demaut~=1 & demaut~=0;
(obs=10562)

             |        W   demaut
-------------+------------------
           W |   1.0000
      demaut |   0.6086   1.0000


.  corr W xconst;
(obs=14422)

             |        W   xconst
-------------+------------------
           W |   1.0000
      xconst |   0.2960   1.0000


.  corr demaut xconst;
(obs=13940)

             |   demaut   xconst
-------------+------------------
      demaut |   1.0000
      xconst |   0.9019   1.0000


. corr W S;
(obs=12461)

             |        W        S
-------------+------------------
           W |   1.0000
           S |   0.4299   1.0000


.  reg demaut W S;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =   10866
-------------+------------------------------           F(  2, 10863) =12324.41
       Model |  975.851293     2  487.925647           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  430.068261 10863  .039590193           R-squared     =  0.6941
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.6940
       Total |  1405.91955 10865  .129398947           Root MSE      =  .19897

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.010048   .0073026   138.31   0.000     .9957335    1.024362
           S |  -.0082777   .0061778    -1.34   0.180    -.0203872    .0038318
       _cons |   -.075162    .005153   -14.59   0.000    -.0852628   -.0650611
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. gen invest=GrossDomInvest;
(15179 missing values generated)

.  gen savings=GrossDomSaving;
(14581 missing values generated)

. sum rgdpc WB_gdppc_constUS95 invest FDI savings PRIVCON;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |    4782    3552.946   3770.554        221      33946
WB_gdppc_~95 |    5245    5267.933   8279.914          0   52675.27
      invest |    4334    21.62213   8.416179   .7396595   113.5779
         FDI |    3925    1.729222   4.163926  -25.78183   145.1322
     savings |    4932    16.85909   14.88251  -84.40388   84.24437
     PRIVCON |    1877    70.68093   15.13617       16.5      167.5

.  pwcorr rgdpc WB_gdppc_constUS95 invest FDI savings PRIVCON;

             |   rgdpch WB_g~S95   invest      FDI  savings  PRIVCON
-------------+------------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |   1.0000 
WB_gdppc_~95 |   0.9100   1.0000 
      invest |   0.2666   0.1050   1.0000 
         FDI |   0.0762   0.0045   0.3701   1.0000 
     savings |   0.4331   0.3668   0.2602   0.0585   1.0000 
     PRIVCON |  -0.3927  -0.2559  -0.3878  -0.1544  -0.8956   1.0000 

.  sum TAXGDP;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      TAXGDP |    1613    21.99825   10.56482          0   53.22882

. /*table 4.1*/
> regr lrgdpc W s;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4353
-------------+------------------------------           F(  2,  4350) = 1117.45
       Model |  1502.27899     2  751.139495           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |   2924.0187  4350  .672188208           R-squared     =  0.3394
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3391
       Total |  4426.29769  4352  1.01707208           Root MSE      =  .81987

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.207071   .0498043    44.31   0.000     2.109429    2.304713
           s |  -.6572116   .0445272   -14.76   0.000    -.7445077   -.5699156
       _cons |   6.970045   .0323417   215.51   0.000     6.906639    7.033451
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. regr lrgdpc demaut;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4103
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4101) = 1798.68
       Model |  1307.77831     1  1307.77831           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  2981.74863  4101  .727078426           R-squared     =  0.3049
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3047
       Total |  4289.52693  4102  1.04571598           Root MSE      =  .85269

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.438252   .0339124    42.41   0.000     1.371766    1.504739
       _cons |    7.01418   .0216368   324.18   0.000     6.971761      7.0566
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. reg lgdpWB W S;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4867
-------------+------------------------------           F(  2,  4864) = 1490.02
       Model |  4355.21926     2  2177.60963           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  7108.55482  4864  1.46146275           R-squared     =  0.3799
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3797
       Total |  11463.7741  4866  2.35589274           Root MSE      =  1.2089

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.690726   .0710759    51.93   0.000     3.551385    3.830067
           S |  -1.151839   .0653687   -17.62   0.000    -1.279992   -1.023687
       _cons |   6.200674   .0494316   125.44   0.000     6.103766    6.297582
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict incWB,residual;
(14646 missing values generated)

. reg lgdpWB demaut;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4314
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4312) = 1797.28
       Model |  3149.42257     1  3149.42257           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  7556.03717  4312  1.75232773           R-squared     =  0.2942
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.2940
       Total |  10705.4597  4313  2.48213766           Root MSE      =  1.3238

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.206265   .0520415    42.39   0.000     2.104237    2.308293
       _cons |   6.300112    .034675   181.69   0.000     6.232131    6.368092
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict demincWB, residual;
(15199 missing values generated)

. regr demaut W;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =   13787
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1, 13785) =23645.15
       Model |  1080.49117     1  1080.49117           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  629.920716 13785  .045696098           R-squared     =  0.6317
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.6317
       Total |  1710.41189 13786  .124068757           Root MSE      =  .21377

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .8645353   .0056223   153.77   0.000     .8535149    .8755557
       _cons |   .0315135   .0031904     9.88   0.000     .0252599    .0377671
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. predict demres, residual;
(5726 missing values generated)

. label var demres "Residual democracy not accounted for by W";

. /* table 4.2 */
> tsset ccode year;
       panel variable:  ccode, 2 to 990
        time variable:  year, 1763 to 2000, but with gaps

. gen DW30=W-L3.W;
(860 missing values generated)

.  gen DS30=S-L3.S;
(8035 missing values generated)

. reg lrgdpc DW30 DS30 L3.W L3.S;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4164
-------------+------------------------------           F(  4,  4159) =  606.30
       Model |  1557.50585     4  389.376462           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  2670.99612  4159  .642220755           R-squared     =  0.3683
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3677
       Total |  4228.50197  4163  1.01573432           Root MSE      =  .80139

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrgdpc       |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
DW30         |    1.60914   .0944996    17.03   0.000      1.42387     1.79441
DS30         |  -.4023322   .0530347    -7.59   0.000    -.5063086   -.2983558
W            |
          L3 |   2.388582   .0527898    45.25   0.000     2.285086    2.492078
S            |
          L3 |      -.788   .0515387   -15.29   0.000    -.8890435   -.6869566
_cons        |    7.00435   .0353797   197.98   0.000     6.934987    7.073713
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  reg lgdpWB DW30 DS30 L3.W L3.S;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4657
-------------+------------------------------           F(  4,  4652) =  843.30
       Model |  4660.44765     4  1165.11191           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  6427.27041  4652  1.38161445           R-squared     =  0.4203
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.4198
       Total |  11087.7181  4656  2.38138274           Root MSE      =  1.1754

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lgdpWB       |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
DW30         |    2.14686   .1284572    16.71   0.000     1.895023    2.398697
DS30         |  -.5952616   .0765973    -7.77   0.000    -.7454286   -.4450946
W            |
          L3 |   4.071555   .0746942    54.51   0.000     3.925119    4.217991
S            |
          L3 |   -1.36986   .0739813   -18.52   0.000    -1.514899   -1.224822
_cons        |   6.185137   .0527754   117.20   0.000     6.081672    6.288602
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  tsset , clear;

. replace CL=8-CL;
(3529 real changes made)

. replace PR=8-PR;
(3738 real changes made)

. /* transparency*/
> gen TaxYN=(TAXGDP~=.);

.  replace TaxYN=. if year>1990|year<1970;
(15415 real changes made, 15415 to missing)

. gen IncomeYN=(rgdpc~=.);

.  replace IncomeYN=. if year>1992|year<1950;
(11435 real changes made, 11435 to missing)

. /* peace */
> gen COW_WAR=0 ;

.  replace COW_WAR=1 if  CL_WAR==1|IS_WAR==1;
(1477 real changes made)

. label var COW_WAR "Is nation involved in a COW war (either Interstate or CIVIL but not Extra-State)";

. sum TaxYN IncomeYN COW_WAR CL PR rgdpc WB_gdppc_con LongGR1 VarGrow ;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |    4098    .3936066    .488609          0          1
    IncomeYN |    8078    .5919782   .4914976          0          1
     COW_WAR |   19513    .0756931   .2645133          0          1
          CL |    4078    3.780775   1.923609          1          7
          PR |    4078    3.760177    2.21072          1          7
      rgdpch |    4782    3552.946   3770.554        221      33946
WB_gdppc_~95 |    5245    5267.933   8279.914          0   52675.27
     LongGR1 |    4214    .0879181    .160201  -.5351598   2.316798
     VarGrow |    6792    .0605687   .0653779   .0012576   .9116921

. pwcorr TaxYN IncomeYN COW_WAR CL PR rgdpc WB_gdppc_con LongGR1 VarGrow;

             |    TaxYN IncomeYN  COW_WAR       CL       PR   rgdpch WB_g~S95
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |   1.0000 
    IncomeYN |   0.5465   1.0000 
     COW_WAR |  -0.0386   0.0552   1.0000 
          CL |   0.4376   0.2505  -0.2377   1.0000 
          PR |   0.4176   0.2456  -0.1938   0.9200   1.0000 
      rgdpch |   0.1699        .  -0.0524   0.6097   0.5847   1.0000 
WB_gdppc_~95 |   0.2050   0.0044  -0.0787   0.6060   0.5468   0.9100   1.0000 
     LongGR1 |   0.0418        .  -0.0852   0.1094   0.0869   0.0292   0.0763 
     VarGrow |  -0.1837  -0.1866   0.0294  -0.1630  -0.1585  -0.1347  -0.1923 

             |  LongGR1  VarGrow
-------------+------------------
     LongGR1 |   1.0000 
     VarGrow |  -0.0588   1.0000 

. des TaxYN IncomeYN COW_WAR CL PR rgdpc WB_gdppc_con LongGR1 VarGrow;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TaxYN           float  %9.0g                  
IncomeYN        float  %9.0g                  
COW_WAR         float  %9.0g                  Is nation involved in a COW war
                                                (either Interstate or CIVIL but
                                                not Extra-State)
CL              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Civil Liberties
                                                Index 
PR              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Political Rights
                                                Index 
rgdpch          long   %12.0g                 Real GDP per capita in constant
                                                dollars (Chain Index)
                                                (expressed in internationa
WB_gdppc_con~95 float  %9.0g                  WBDI:GDP per capita (constant
                                                1995 US$)
LongGR1         float  %9.0g                  
VarGrow         float  %9.0g                  

. /*Education */
> sum EducExpend FemSec bhkavg Labor_PrimEd Illiteracy;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |    3402    3.693273   1.684913          0     10.482
      FemSec |    1375    46.12939   8.005887   5.707095   67.17873
      bhkavg |    1968    5.120284   3.016521       .407    11.8532
Labor_PrimEd |     102    44.06471   20.29886       10.4       86.3
  Illiteracy |    3904    34.64119   26.15658         .2       94.3

. des EducExpend FemSec bhkavg Labor_PrimEd Illiteracy;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EducExpend      float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Genuine savings: education
                                                expenditure (% of GDP)
FemSec          float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Secondary education,
                                                pupils (% female)
bhkavg          float  %9.0g                  average Barro-Lee human capital
                                                stock (average years of
                                                educational attainment o
Labor_PrimEd    float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Labor force with primary
                                                education (% of total)
Illiteracy      float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Illiteracy rate, adult
                                                total (% of people ages 15 and
                                                above)

. /* Health */
> sum Deathrate Beds HealthEXP Doctors InfMort LowBirth LifeExp ImmuneMEASLES ImmuneDPT 
>          Birthrate GXPDSSEC sh_staa  sh_med_b  sh_med_p  sh_h2o_s ;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |    4015    11.27111   5.492223          0         40
        Beds |    1436     5.89558   6.668906   .1166965   89.54707
   HealthEXP |    1251    5.484333   2.293262        1.6       13.6
     Doctors |    2003    1.369389   1.376946   .0038389   9.814035
     InfMort |    3825    57.15165   51.84802        2.6        263
    LowBirth |     687    10.01994   6.693944         .3         60
     LifeExp |    3193    61.70014   11.99452   31.21951   80.63097
ImmuneMEAS~S |    2795    68.47263   25.95811          1        100
   ImmuneDPT |    2981    69.93391   26.67574          0        100
   Birthrate |    4031    28.10232   13.09134          0       57.2
    GXPDSSEC |    1238    5.883279   6.926511   .0014034   28.72744
     sh_staa |     276    76.84058   26.57196         10        100
    sh_med_b |     574    739.7962   1118.133         37      13306
    sh_med_p |     834    7308.038   12624.38          0      88123
    sh_h2o_s |     535    62.36636   28.63715          1        100

. des Deathrate Beds HealthEXP Doctors InfMort LowBirth LifeExp ImmuneMEASLES ImmuneDPT 
>          Birthrate GXPDSSEC sh_staa  sh_med_b  sh_med_p  sh_h2o_s ;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deathrate       float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Death rate, crude (per
                                                1,000 people)
Beds            float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Hospital beds (per 1,000
                                                people)
HealthEXP       float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Health expenditure, total
                                                (% of GDP)
Doctors         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Physicians (per 1,000
                                                people)
InfMort         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Mortality rate, infant
                                                (per 1,000 live births)
LowBirth        float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Low-birthweight babies (%
                                                of births)
LifeExp         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Life expectancy at birth,
                                                total (years)
ImmuneMEASLES   byte   %9.0g                  WBDI:Immunization, measles (%
                                                of children under 12 months)
ImmuneDPT       byte   %9.0g                  WBDI:Immunization, DPT (% of
                                                children under 12 months)
Birthrate       float  %9.0g                  WBDI: Birth rate, crude (per
                                                1,000 people)
GXPDSSEC        float  %9.0g                  ACLP: Central government
                                                expenditure on social security
                                                and welfare as a share o
sh_staa         byte   %9.0g                  % pop with access health care
sh_med_b        int    %9.0g                  population per hospital bed
sh_med_p        long   %9.0g                  Population per physician
sh_h2o_s        byte   %9.0g                  % pop w/ access to safe water

. /* Trade */
> des open ;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
open            float  %9.0g                  Openness
                                                (Exports+Imports)/Nominal GDP :
                                                PWT

. sum open;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
        open |    4784    61.69024   41.15267       4.67     423.41

. /* private */
> gen blackmarketexch=exp(exchprem)-1;
(17871 missing values generated)

.  sum build exchprem blackmarketexch;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
       build |    1558    120.2974   33.00329       40.1      290.8
    exchprem |    1642    .3417739   .5438315   -.852377   6.216406
blackmarke~h |    1642    1.137032   13.03286  -.5735998   499.8997

. des build exchprem blackmarketexch;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
build           float  %9.0g                  noresidential+residential and
                                                other construction: WBDI 
exchprem        float  %9.0g                  log (1+BLACK), where BLACK is
                                                the average black market
                                                exchange rate premium fro
blackmarketexch float  %9.0g                  

. pwcorr exchprem blackmarketexch;

             | exchprem blackm~h
-------------+------------------
    exchprem |   1.0000 
blackmarke~h |   0.4515   1.0000 

. /* expenditures/ Debt */
> sum NatGovRevenue NatGovExpend bal_bud Klepto GovDebt;

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
NatGovReve~e |    2296     2129733    8266640         65   9.78e+07
NatGovExpend |    2345     1963661    7473767         87   9.46e+07
     bal_bud |    2227    .2469501   .5917952          0   12.84624
      Klepto |    2227   -.1979014   .6099596  -12.84624   .9831875
     GovDebt |    1707    47.49282   46.22661          0   534.6783

. des NatGovRevenue NatGovExpend bal_bud Klepto GovDebt;

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NatGovRevenue   float  %9.0g                  BANKS: National Gov. Revenue
                                                US$ 
NatGovExpend    float  %9.0g                  BANKS: National Gov.
                                                Expenditure US$ 
bal_bud         float  %9.0g                  unBalanced Budget:
                                                abs((NatGovRevenue-
                                                NatGovExpend)/NatGovRevenue)
Klepto          float  %9.0g                  Kleptocracy? surplus funds not
                                                spend by leader
GovDebt         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Central government debt,
                                                total (% of GDP)

. pwcorr NatGovRevenue NatGovExpend bal_bud Klepto GovDebt;

             | NatGov~e NatGov~d  bal_bud   Klepto  GovDebt
-------------+---------------------------------------------
NatGovReve~e |   1.0000 
NatGovExpend |   0.9455   1.0000 
     bal_bud |  -0.0398  -0.0245   1.0000 
      Klepto |   0.0730   0.0247  -0.9688   1.0000 
     GovDebt |  -0.0769  -0.0850   0.1158  -0.1328   1.0000 

. /********DEPENDENT VARIABLES **********/
>  global PUBLIC "TaxYN IncomeYN COW_WAR CL PR lrgdpc lgdpWB LongGR1 VarGrow invest savings PRIVCON esolow
>         EducExpend FemSec bhkavg Labor_PrimEd Illiteracy 
>         Deathrate Beds HealthEXP Doctors InfMort LowBirth LifeExp ImmuneMEASLES ImmuneDPT 
>         Birthrate GXPDSSEC sh_staa  sh_med_b  sh_med_p  sh_h2o_s
>         open build exchprem blackmarketexch 
>         bal_bud Klepto GovDebt DIRT INDIRT"     ;

.  modelm fe regyr no 9  $PUBLIC   ;
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TaxYN           float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |    4098    .3936066    .488609          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4098
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.1194                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0009                                        avg =      27.9
       overall = 0.0715                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,3950)          =    535.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2442                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .6320556   .0273158    23.14   0.000     .5785012      .68561
       _cons |    .054752   .0161604     3.39   0.001     .0230685    .0864355
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24286742
     sigma_e |  .43746368
         rho |  .23559996   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 3950) =     5.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2382
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0520                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3359                                        avg =      16.2
       overall = 0.0750                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2232)          =     40.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0147                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .3614209   .0357671    10.10   0.000     .2912807    .4315611
        lpop |   .0322064   .0053968     5.97   0.000     .0216231    .0427896
       incWB |   .0356672   .0096858     3.68   0.000     .0166731    .0546613
       _cons |   .1441397   .0554083     2.60   0.009     .0354825    .2527969
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26864594
     sigma_e |  .42969206
         rho |  .28103187   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2232) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2554
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0814                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3004                                        avg =      17.4
       overall = 0.0857                                        max =        43

                                                F(3,2404)          =     71.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1274                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .4178116   .0353785    11.81   0.000      .348436    .4871871
     lpop_WB |   .0508992   .0049903    10.20   0.000     .0411134     .060685
       incWB |   .0483774   .0093586     5.17   0.000     .0300256    .0667293
       _cons |  -.4425295   .0838763    -5.28   0.000    -.6070069   -.2780522
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24341333
     sigma_e |   .4384313
         rho |  .23561287   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2404) =     3.44           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2382
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0551                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3631                                        avg =      16.2
       overall = 0.0795                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2232)          =     43.40
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0159                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .3710834   .0354011    10.48   0.000     .3016608    .4405059
        lpop |    .031914   .0053795     5.93   0.000     .0213648    .0424633
       incWB |   .0351809   .0096297     3.65   0.000     .0162967    .0540651
       _cons |    .144203   .0548132     2.63   0.009     .0367127    .2516932
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26420589
     sigma_e |  .42897868
         rho |  .27500867   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2232) =     3.43           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2554
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0862                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3150                                        avg =      17.4
       overall = 0.0898                                        max =        43

                                                F(3,2404)          =     75.56
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1356                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    .432516   .0349988    12.36   0.000      .363885    .5011469
     lpop_WB |   .0503671    .004966    10.14   0.000     .0406289    .0601052
       incWB |   .0484505   .0093094     5.20   0.000     .0301953    .0667057
       _cons |  -.4391117   .0830106    -5.29   0.000    -.6018913    -.276332
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24061256
     sigma_e |  .43729371
         rho |  .23239546   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2404) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2861
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.1738                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4134                                        avg =      19.5
       overall = 0.1564                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2713)          =    570.86
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1608                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    .592592   .0248023    23.89   0.000     .5439588    .6412253
       _cons |   .2786907   .0131315    21.22   0.000     .2529418    .3044395
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2086276
     sigma_e |  .42908153
         rho |  .19120611   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2713) =     3.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2474
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.0896                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5096                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.1128                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2326)          =    114.42
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0407                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .4248604   .0283991    14.96   0.000     .3691701    .4805507
        lpop |   .0228555    .005964     3.83   0.000     .0111601    .0345508
       _cons |   .2043077   .0567839     3.60   0.000     .0929553    .3156601
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22843342
     sigma_e |   .4310387
         rho |  .21927331   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 2326) =     3.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2199
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.0627                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3787                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.0821                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2050)          =     45.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0852                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .3523689   .0306605    11.49   0.000     .2922398    .4124979
        lpop |   .0227366   .0062941     3.61   0.000     .0103931    .0350801
    demincWB |   .0363043   .0095917     3.78   0.000     .0174939    .0551148
       _cons |   .2672933   .0610601     4.38   0.000      .147547    .3870396
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26209618
     sigma_e |  .42340795
         rho |  .27702854   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 2050) =     3.39           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2252
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0869                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3588                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.0933                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2102)          =     66.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1603                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .3994694   .0296585    13.47   0.000     .3413063    .4576325
     lpop_WB |     .03159   .0060961     5.18   0.000      .019635     .043545
    demincWB |   .0472107   .0093821     5.03   0.000     .0288115    .0656099
       _cons |   -.065665   .0993681    -0.66   0.509    -.2605352    .1292052
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .25826063
     sigma_e |  .42429375
         rho |  .27033699   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2102) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IncomeYN        float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |    8078    .5919782   .4914976          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      8078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       301

R-sq:  within  = 0.0901                         Obs per group: min =         4
       between = 0.0000                                        avg =      26.8
       overall = 0.0277                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,7776)          =    769.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2237                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .5364996   .0193358    27.75   0.000     .4985963    .5744029
       _cons |   .2995202   .0114992    26.05   0.000     .2769787    .3220616
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28293356
     sigma_e |  .41315739
         rho |   .3192473   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(300, 7776) =    11.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0689                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0102                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0537                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     78.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2330                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0033551   .0050812    -0.66   0.509     -.013318    .0066077
        lpop |    .004369   .0007923     5.51   0.000     .0028155    .0059224
       incWB |  -.0183141   .0013641   -13.43   0.000    -.0209887   -.0156395
       _cons |   .9584114   .0081152   118.10   0.000     .9424999     .974323
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03295538
     sigma_e |  .07223273
         rho |  .17229087   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.77           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3736
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0686                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1656                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.0373                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3512)          =     86.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1662                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    .120694   .0168255     7.17   0.000     .0877052    .1536828
     lpop_WB |   .0373938   .0024499    15.26   0.000     .0325905    .0421972
       incWB |    .017981   .0044142     4.07   0.000     .0093263    .0266357
       _cons |    .254758   .0411186     6.20   0.000     .1741392    .3353768
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15797247
     sigma_e |  .24970361
         rho |  .28583327   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3512) =     5.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0689                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0103                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0539                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     78.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2296                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0026622   .0050234    -0.53   0.596    -.0125117    .0071873
        lpop |   .0043875   .0007915     5.54   0.000     .0028357    .0059393
       incWB |  -.0182517   .0013585   -13.44   0.000    -.0209154   -.0155881
       _cons |   .9578066   .0080518   118.96   0.000     .9420195    .9735938
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03292567
     sigma_e |  .07223448
         rho |  .17202685   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3736
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0700                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1533                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.0371                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3512)          =     88.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1735                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .1253513   .0166381     7.53   0.000     .0927299    .1579727
     lpop_WB |   .0373237   .0024442    15.27   0.000     .0325314     .042116
       incWB |   .0180294   .0043979     4.10   0.000     .0094068     .026652
       _cons |   .2540995   .0408361     6.22   0.000     .1740346    .3341644
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15869187
     sigma_e |  .24951795
         rho |  .28799682   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3512) =     5.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5176
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       300

R-sq:  within  = 0.1636                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0275                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.0728                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,4875)          =    953.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2784                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .4384242   .0141955    30.88   0.000     .4105947    .4662537
       _cons |   .5954824   .0079609    74.80   0.000     .5798754    .6110894
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2671624
     sigma_e |  .34203628
         rho |  .37892344   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(299, 4875) =     6.24           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4134
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.0263                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0148                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0246                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3852)          =     52.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0624                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0146652   .0041951     3.50   0.000     .0064405      .02289
        lpop |   .0090318   .0009119     9.90   0.000     .0072439    .0108198
       _cons |   .9045127    .008716   103.78   0.000     .8874244     .921601
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03020553
     sigma_e |  .08267561
         rho |  .11776172   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3852) =     1.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0779                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0316                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.0713                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =     83.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1603                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0000418   .0050276     0.01   0.993    -.0098163    .0098998
        lpop |   .0068038   .0010433     6.52   0.000     .0047581    .0088494
    demincWB |  -.0203964   .0015836   -12.88   0.000    -.0235016   -.0172913
       _cons |   .9325911   .0101293    92.07   0.000     .9127298    .9524523
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .04140195
     sigma_e |  .08314076
         rho |  .19870398   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =     2.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3348
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       230

R-sq:  within  = 0.0682                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1168                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.0236                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3115)          =     75.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2584                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .1244524   .0113781    10.94   0.000     .1021431    .1467617
     lpop_WB |   .0266763   .0023784    11.22   0.000     .0220129    .0313397
    demincWB |   .0073309   .0036099     2.03   0.042     .0002529    .0144088
       _cons |   .4603373   .0387383    11.88   0.000     .3843821    .5362924
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .20271061
     sigma_e |  .19786268
         rho |  .51210069   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(229, 3115) =     5.20           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COW_WAR         float  %9.0g                  Is nation involved in a COW war
                                                (either Interstate or CIVIL but
                                                not Extra-State)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |   19513    .0756931   .2645133          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     19350
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =      1379

R-sq:  within  = 0.0021                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0000                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.0040                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,17970)         =     37.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0358                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0471082     .00765    -6.16   0.000     -.062103   -.0321135
       _cons |   .0989768   .0041214    24.02   0.000     .0908985    .1070551
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09185301
     sigma_e |  .25880481
         rho |  .11187114   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(1378, 17970) =     1.68         Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0446                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1541                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0460                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     49.74
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0286                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0331165   .0203203     1.63   0.103    -.0067257    .0729588
        lpop |   .0369929   .0031684    11.68   0.000     .0307807    .0432052
       incWB |  -.0117771   .0054551    -2.16   0.031     -.022473   -.0010812
       _cons |  -.2443187   .0324535    -7.53   0.000    -.3079505   -.1806869
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09796225
     sigma_e |  .28886544
         rho |  .10314509   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.37           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0411                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1607                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.0473                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =     65.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0188                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0260003   .0164214    -1.58   0.113    -.0581941    .0061935
     lpop_WB |   .0290676   .0022719    12.79   0.000     .0246137    .0335216
       incWB |  -.0158626   .0040199    -3.95   0.000    -.0237435   -.0079817
       _cons |  -.3504507   .0382392    -9.16   0.000    -.4254179   -.2754835
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .08898575
     sigma_e |  .26912486
         rho |  .09855374   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0448                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1491                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0453                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     50.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0369                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0372657   .0200863     1.86   0.064    -.0021176    .0766489
        lpop |    .037058   .0031647    11.71   0.000      .030853    .0432629
       incWB |  -.0115638    .005432    -2.13   0.033    -.0222143   -.0009132
       _cons |  -.2470971    .032195    -7.68   0.000    -.3102221   -.1839721
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09833044
     sigma_e |  .28882995
         rho |  .10386408   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.37           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0410                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1589                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.0468                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =     65.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0170                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0219349   .0162821    -1.35   0.178    -.0538556    .0099859
     lpop_WB |   .0291656   .0022694    12.85   0.000     .0247166    .0336147
       incWB |  -.0155844   .0040115    -3.88   0.000    -.0234488   -.0077199
       _cons |  -.3546708   .0380351    -9.32   0.000    -.4292378   -.2801037
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .08908076
     sigma_e |  .26914513
         rho |  .09873012   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     13940
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =      1348

R-sq:  within  = 0.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =      10.3
       overall = 0.0006                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,12591)         =      0.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0573                         Prob > F           =    0.7952

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0020855   .0080348    -0.26   0.795     -.017835    .0136639
       _cons |    .087855   .0042051    20.89   0.000     .0796124    .0960976
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .13593551
     sigma_e |  .27347088
         rho |  .19812904   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(1347, 12591) =     1.63         Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4134
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.0429                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0989                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0372                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3852)          =     86.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0866                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0463431   .0150176     3.09   0.002     .0168999    .0757863
        lpop |   .0425448   .0032645    13.03   0.000     .0361445    .0489452
       _cons |  -.2944918   .0312015    -9.44   0.000    -.3556648   -.2333188
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .1353112
     sigma_e |  .29596324
         rho |  .17288518   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3852) =     1.85           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0485                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0823                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.0398                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =     50.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1330                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0623976    .017329     3.60   0.000     .0284196    .0963757
        lpop |   .0405767   .0035959    11.28   0.000     .0335259    .0476275
    demincWB |  -.0100134   .0054584    -1.83   0.067    -.0207161    .0006892
       _cons |  -.2949757   .0349132    -8.45   0.000    -.3634322   -.2265192
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .10346285
     sigma_e |  .28656459
         rho |  .11532128   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =     1.41           Prob > F = 0.0001

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 0.0375                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0354                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.0328                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,4036)          =     52.37
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0661                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0192703    .013842     1.39   0.164    -.0078677    .0464083
     lpop_WB |   .0318495   .0027999    11.38   0.000     .0263602    .0373389
    demincWB |  -.0139127   .0040608    -3.43   0.001    -.0218741   -.0059514
       _cons |  -.4317593   .0456537    -9.46   0.000    -.5212657   -.3422529
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .11201694
     sigma_e |  .26584675
         rho |  .15077445   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4036) =     1.63           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CL              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Civil Liberties
                                                Index 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
          CL |    4078    3.780775   1.923609          1          7

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.4273                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7852                                        avg =      20.8
       overall = 0.5488                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,3881)          =   2896.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2405                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.109002    .076353    53.82   0.000     3.959306    4.258698
       _cons |   1.505609   .0464884    32.39   0.000     1.414465    1.596753
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .55954515
     sigma_e |   1.234703
         rho |  .17038191   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3881) =     3.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.4415                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8158                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.6266                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =    543.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3885                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.809853   .0964069    39.52   0.000     3.620788    3.998918
        lpop |  -.0487896   .0166488    -2.93   0.003    -.0814398   -.0161394
       incWB |   .2856669   .0261305    10.93   0.000      .234422    .3369118
       _cons |   2.283631   .1694495    13.48   0.000     1.951321    2.615941
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .74674086
     sigma_e |  1.1095658
         rho |  .31173688   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.4782                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7740                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.6202                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =    961.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1926                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   4.127002   .0781029    52.84   0.000     3.973864     4.28014
     lpop_WB |  -.0328214   .0127688    -2.57   0.010    -.0578575   -.0077852
       incWB |    .358906   .0190963    18.79   0.000     .3214635    .3963485
       _cons |   2.115508   .2123532     9.96   0.000     1.699143    2.531872
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6911987
     sigma_e |  1.0767951
         rho |  .29180493   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     3.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.4458                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8520                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.6328                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =    552.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4015                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.792589   .0951173    39.87   0.000     3.606053    3.979125
        lpop |  -.0539334   .0165668    -3.26   0.001    -.0864228   -.0214441
       incWB |   .2771707   .0259615    10.68   0.000     .2262573    .3280841
       _cons |   2.369181   .1676664    14.13   0.000     2.040368    2.697994
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .69823962
     sigma_e |  1.1052834
         rho |  .28524539   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.74           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.4818                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8082                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.6259                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =    975.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1971                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.114101     .07729    53.23   0.000     3.962557    4.265644
     lpop_WB |  -.0372633   .0127198    -2.93   0.003    -.0622033   -.0123234
       incWB |   .3508222   .0189932    18.47   0.000     .3135818    .3880626
       _cons |   2.220573    .211014    10.52   0.000     1.806834    2.634312
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .64633498
     sigma_e |  1.0730761
         rho |  .26621078   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     3.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3876
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.6686                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9042                                        avg =      19.8
       overall = 0.7411                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,3679)          =   7422.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0542                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.246456   .0492886    86.15   0.000      4.14982    4.343092
       _cons |   1.735611   .0284904    60.92   0.000     1.679752    1.791469
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .37896805
     sigma_e |  .93320393
         rho |  .14156601   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3679) =     3.26           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2424
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6644                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9429                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.7654                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2278)          =   2255.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3682                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.906082   .0596358    65.50   0.000     3.789136    4.023028
        lpop |  -.0997778   .0122299    -8.16   0.000    -.1237608   -.0757948
       _cons |   2.987515   .1173383    25.46   0.000     2.757414    3.217616
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .41032556
     sigma_e |  .87691924
         rho |  .17961943   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2278) =     3.59           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2180
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6906                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9490                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.8087                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2033)          =   1512.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2346                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.052788   .0610029    66.44   0.000     3.933153    4.172423
        lpop |  -.0335578    .012277    -2.73   0.006    -.0576345   -.0094811
    demincWB |   .2695081   .0186185    14.48   0.000     .2329948    .3060215
       _cons |   2.327312   .1201185    19.38   0.000     2.091744     2.56288
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .37505006
     sigma_e |  .82192348
         rho |  .17233395   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2033) =     1.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3266
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.6953                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9124                                        avg =      17.0
       overall = 0.7875                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3071)          =   2335.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0202                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    4.11901   .0497714    82.76   0.000     4.021422    4.216599
     lpop_WB |  -.0440963   .0097154    -4.54   0.000    -.0631455    -.025047
    demincWB |   .3322617    .013926    23.86   0.000     .3049565    .3595668
       _cons |   2.571675   .1584093    16.23   0.000     2.261076    2.882274
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .42069578
     sigma_e |  .81701826
         rho |   .2095727   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 3071) =     2.90           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PR              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Political Rights
                                                Index 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
          PR |    4078    3.760177    2.21072          1          7

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.5782                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8308                                        avg =      20.8
       overall = 0.6747                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,3881)          =   5320.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1540                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.492831   .0753024    72.94   0.000     5.345195    5.640467
       _cons |   .7187806   .0458487    15.68   0.000     .6288907    .8086704
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .54522152
     sigma_e |  1.2177136
         rho |  .16699493   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3881) =     2.51           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.5958                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9033                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.7364                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =   1012.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3583                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.111016    .094135    54.29   0.000     4.926406    5.295625
        lpop |   .0018551   .0162565     0.11   0.909    -.0300257    .0337359
       incWB |   .2103766   .0255147     8.25   0.000     .1603393    .2604138
       _cons |   1.037652   .1654563     6.27   0.000     .7131733    1.362131
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .60881079
     sigma_e |  1.0834179
         rho |  .23998951   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.6010                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8863                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.7208                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =   1580.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1795                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.528001    .080384    68.77   0.000     5.370391    5.685612
     lpop_WB |   .0151986   .0131418     1.16   0.248    -.0105687    .0409659
       incWB |   .2578186   .0196541    13.12   0.000     .2192825    .2963547
       _cons |   .5304572   .2185554     2.43   0.015     .1019317    .9589827
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .56665352
     sigma_e |  1.1082448
         rho |  .20725207   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     2.25           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6086                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9272                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.7464                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =   1068.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3574                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.117977   .0917459    55.78   0.000     4.938053    5.297901
        lpop |  -.0044005   .0159796    -0.28   0.783    -.0357382    .0269373
       incWB |   .2011879   .0250413     8.03   0.000     .1520791    .2502968
       _cons |    1.12905   .1617235     6.98   0.000     .8118919    1.446209
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .53956364
     sigma_e |  1.0661071
         rho |  .20391274   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     1.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.6125                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9071                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.7302                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =   1658.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1630                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.541584   .0786698    70.44   0.000     5.387335    5.695833
     lpop_WB |   .0095211   .0129469     0.74   0.462    -.0158642    .0349063
       incWB |   .2486308   .0193323    12.86   0.000     .2107256     .286536
       _cons |   .6484211   .2147812     3.02   0.003     .2272957    1.069546
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .50698609
     sigma_e |  1.0922336
         rho |  .17726432   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     2.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3876
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.7928                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9329                                        avg =      19.8
       overall = 0.8381                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,3679)          =  14078.56
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0839                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.327754   .0449019   118.65   0.000     5.239719     5.41579
       _cons |   1.199698   .0259548    46.22   0.000     1.148811    1.250585
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .3966943
     sigma_e |  .85014956
         rho |   .1788009   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3679) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2424
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.7693                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9515                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.8403                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2278)          =   3797.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2538                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.890733   .0567096    86.24   0.000     4.779525    5.001941
        lpop |  -.0436804   .0116299    -3.76   0.000    -.0664866   -.0208741
       _cons |   1.960967   .1115809    17.57   0.000     1.742156    2.179777
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .3497522
     sigma_e |   .8338918
         rho |  .14959799   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2278) =     2.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2180
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.7843                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9678                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.8673                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2033)          =   2464.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1727                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.958962    .058373    84.95   0.000     4.844485    5.073439
        lpop |   .0085014   .0117477     0.72   0.469    -.0145373    .0315402
    demincWB |   .1828627   .0178159    10.26   0.000     .1479234    .2178019
       _cons |   1.473961     .11494    12.82   0.000     1.248548    1.699373
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .29282493
     sigma_e |  .78648938
         rho |  .12174497   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2033) =     1.46           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3266
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.7945                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9541                                        avg =      17.0
       overall = 0.8590                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3071)          =   3958.29
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0925                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.235461   .0480866   108.88   0.000     5.141176    5.329746
     lpop_WB |    .001521   .0093865     0.16   0.871    -.0168835    .0199254
    demincWB |   .2249214   .0134546    16.72   0.000     .1985406    .2513022
       _cons |   1.267281   .1530471     8.28   0.000      .967196    1.567366
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .32657504
     sigma_e |  .78936156
         rho |  .14614908   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 3071) =     2.25           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrgdpc          float  %9.0g                  log GDP pc: PWT

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |    4782    7.679857   1.004184   5.398163   10.43253

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4782
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       285

R-sq:  within  = 0.2022                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1539                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.2848                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,4496)          =   1139.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2636                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.203091   .0356447    33.75   0.000      1.13321    1.272972
       _cons |   6.979815   .0225985   308.86   0.000     6.935511    7.024119
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6440306
     sigma_e |  .62053044
         rho |  .51857724   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(284, 4496) =    15.70           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7991                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8665                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8856                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   4209.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3984                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   1.781451   .0211635    84.18   0.000     1.739956    1.822947
        lpop |   .0057877   .0033142     1.75   0.081    -.0007105     .012286
       incWB |   .5547731   .0058869    94.24   0.000     .5432306    .5663156
       _cons |   6.668457   .0339138   196.63   0.000     6.601962    6.734952
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2632426
     sigma_e |  .30054472
         rho |   .4341249   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7991                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8666                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8856                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   4209.99
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3984                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   1.781608   .0211617    84.19   0.000     1.740116      1.8231
     lpop_WB |   .0059703   .0033146     1.80   0.072    -.0005286    .0124692
       incWB |   .5547984   .0058866    94.25   0.000     .5432564    .5663404
       _cons |   6.625532   .0556236   119.11   0.000      6.51647    6.734594
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26318104
     sigma_e |  .30053551
         rho |  .43402505   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.02           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7797                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8399                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8738                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   3746.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4097                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.722239   .0219004    78.64   0.000     1.679299    1.765179
        lpop |   .0029986   .0034667     0.86   0.387    -.0037986    .0097957
       incWB |   .5450075     .00614    88.76   0.000     .5329687    .5570463
       _cons |   6.742764   .0352371   191.35   0.000     6.673674    6.811854
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28479407
     sigma_e |  .31468262
         rho |  .45026589   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.12           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7797                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8399                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8739                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   3747.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4097                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.722408    .021899    78.65   0.000      1.67947    1.765345
     lpop_WB |    .003196   .0034671     0.92   0.357    -.0036019     .009994
       incWB |   .5450345   .0061399    88.77   0.000      .532996     .557073
       _cons |   6.718859    .057984   115.87   0.000     6.605169    6.832549
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28479888
     sigma_e |  .31467759
         rho |  .45028216   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.11           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4103
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.2078                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0694                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.3049                                        max =        41

                                                F(1,3822)          =   1002.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2728                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.006222   .0317817    31.66   0.000     .9439109    1.068532
       _cons |    7.23148   .0187629   385.41   0.000     7.194694    7.268267
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .70390406
     sigma_e |  .62929034
         rho |  .55579138   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3822) =    13.29           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4103
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.2219                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1152                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.2985                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3821)          =    544.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2649                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .9764833    .031702    30.80   0.000     .9143287    1.038638
        lpop |  -.0581643   .0069773    -8.34   0.000    -.0718439   -.0444847
       _cons |   7.766926   .0668692   116.15   0.000     7.635823    7.898029
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .68221348
     sigma_e |  .62372637
         rho |  .54469581   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3821) =    13.72           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3164
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.8626                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9005                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.9183                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2941)          =   6154.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2539                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.382529   .0151381    91.33   0.000     1.352846    1.412211
        lpop |   .0054752   .0031655     1.73   0.084    -.0007316     .011682
    demincWB |   .5835532   .0049299   118.37   0.000     .5738867    .5932196
       _cons |   7.033292   .0307318   228.86   0.000     6.973035     7.09355
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .23405386
     sigma_e |  .25023774
         rho |  .46661963   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2941) =     5.95           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3164
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.8626                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9006                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.9183                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2941)          =   6155.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2537                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.382655   .0151369    91.34   0.000     1.352975    1.412335
     lpop_WB |   .0056875    .003167     1.80   0.073    -.0005222    .0118973
    demincWB |   .5835919   .0049294   118.39   0.000     .5739265    .5932573
       _cons |   6.992051    .052055   134.32   0.000     6.889983    7.094119
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2339799
     sigma_e |  .25022782
         rho |  .46648205   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2941) =     5.94           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lgdpWB          float  %9.0g                  log GDP pc: WBDI 2001

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |    5244    7.472456   1.522283   4.338934    10.8719

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5244
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       279

R-sq:  within  = 0.1793                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3127                                        avg =      18.8
       overall = 0.2986                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4964)          =   1084.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3084                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.932296   .0586834    32.93   0.000      1.81725    2.047341
       _cons |   6.304843   .0382323   164.91   0.000     6.229891    6.379795
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .7476783
     sigma_e |  1.0350219
         rho |  .34289714   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(278, 4964) =    10.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.9324                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9822                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.9662                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =  14705.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4856                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.837433   .0195589   145.07   0.000     2.799084    2.875783
        lpop |   -.006547   .0030497    -2.15   0.032    -.0125265   -.0005676
       incWB |   .9649382   .0052507   183.77   0.000     .9546432    .9752333
       _cons |   5.785207   .0312373   185.20   0.000      5.72396    5.846454
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .14229633
     sigma_e |  .27804048
         rho |  .20755775   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.71           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.9475                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9832                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.9702                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =  27649.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3035                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.971569   .0158822   187.10   0.000     2.940432    3.002706
     lpop_WB |  -.0033455   .0021973    -1.52   0.128    -.0076532    .0009622
       incWB |   .9848277   .0038879   253.31   0.000     .9772056    .9924499
       _cons |   5.678129   .0369836   153.53   0.000     5.605623    5.750634
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .12010011
     sigma_e |  .26028804
         rho |  .17553062   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.65           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.9133                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9698                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.9560                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =  11219.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5027                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.743982   .0219084   125.25   0.000     2.701026    2.786938
        lpop |  -.0111144   .0034517    -3.22   0.001    -.0178822   -.0043465
       incWB |   .9493452   .0059248   160.23   0.000     .9377285    .9609619
       _cons |   5.904572   .0351156   168.15   0.000      5.83572    5.973423
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .18138085
     sigma_e |  .31503174
         rho |  .24896333   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.9308                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9722                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.9604                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =  20584.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3395                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.883733   .0180873   159.43   0.000     2.848273    2.919193
     lpop_WB |  -.0082917    .002521    -3.29   0.001     -.013234   -.0033494
       incWB |   .9745928   .0044562   218.70   0.000     .9658565    .9833292
       _cons |   5.831173   .0422521   138.01   0.000     5.748338    5.914007
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15362383
     sigma_e |  .29898552
         rho |  .20886569   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.78           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 0.1693                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1453                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.2942                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,4038)          =    822.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2960                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.517954   .0529141    28.69   0.000     1.414213    1.621695
       _cons |   6.673306   .0327649   203.67   0.000     6.609068    6.737543
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .88899097
     sigma_e |  1.0394537
         rho |  .42244927   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4038) =    10.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.1999                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2863                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.3308                                        max =        37

                                                F(2,2968)          =    370.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3569                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.381142   .0562714    24.54   0.000     1.270807    1.491477
        lpop |  -.1114925    .011918    -9.35   0.000    -.1348608   -.0881242
       _cons |   7.790964   .1141725    68.24   0.000     7.567098    8.014829
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87110617
     sigma_e |  .96366108
         rho |    .449683   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2968) =    12.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2315                        Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.206265          .        .       .            .           .
        lpop |   1.37e-09          .        .       .            .           .
    demincWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |   6.300112          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.036e-08
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          1   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =        .           Prob > F =      .

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,4036)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0150                        Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.206265          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |   7.40e-10          .        .       .            .           .
    demincWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |   6.300112          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.251e-08
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          1   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4036) =        .           Prob > F =      .
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LongGR1         float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |    4214    .0879181    .160201  -.5351598   2.316798

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4214
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       255

R-sq:  within  = 0.0002                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0060                                        avg =      16.5
       overall = 0.0112                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,3958)          =      0.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1770                         Prob > F           =    0.3831

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0074324   .0085214     0.87   0.383    -.0092744    .0241393
       _cons |   .0835938   .0054146    15.44   0.000     .0729781    .0942095
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .16324637
     sigma_e |  .14129501
         rho |  .57170748   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(254, 3958) =     5.50           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3079
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.0151                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0012                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0143                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2870)          =     14.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0344                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0128286   .0101736     1.26   0.207    -.0071197    .0327769
        lpop |  -.0049275   .0016458    -2.99   0.003    -.0081545   -.0017005
       incWB |   .0162986   .0028882     5.64   0.000     .0106355    .0219617
       _cons |   .1217005   .0167756     7.25   0.000     .0888072    .1545939
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09194802
     sigma_e |  .13894059
         rho |  .30456648   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2870) =     4.50           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3079
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.0151                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0012                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0143                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2870)          =     14.66
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0346                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0128477   .0101735     1.26   0.207    -.0071004    .0327958
     lpop_WB |  -.0049147   .0016469    -2.98   0.003    -.0081439   -.0016856
       incWB |   .0162991   .0028883     5.64   0.000     .0106358    .0219624
       _cons |   .1555168   .0276069     5.63   0.000     .1013854    .2096482
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09194024
     sigma_e |  .13894199
         rho |  .30452634   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2870) =     4.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3079
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.0149                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0008                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0133                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2870)          =     14.51
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0392                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0105384   .0100582     1.05   0.295    -.0091836    .0302604
        lpop |  -.0049912   .0016443    -3.04   0.002    -.0082153   -.0017671
       incWB |   .0160731   .0028764     5.59   0.000     .0104332     .021713
       _cons |   .1237362   .0166539     7.43   0.000     .0910814    .1563909
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09200441
     sigma_e |   .1389525
         rho |  .30478994   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2870) =     4.51           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3079
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.0149                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0008                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0132                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2870)          =     14.49
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0395                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0105558   .0100581     1.05   0.294    -.0091662    .0302777
     lpop_WB |  -.0049784   .0016454    -3.03   0.003    -.0082047   -.0017522
       incWB |   .0160733   .0028764     5.59   0.000     .0104332    .0217134
       _cons |   .1579934   .0274925     5.75   0.000     .1040864    .2119003
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .0919966
     sigma_e |  .13895393
         rho |  .30474957   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2870) =     4.51           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3675
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       252

R-sq:  within  = 0.0003                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0006                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.0080                                        max =        40

                                                F(1,3422)          =      1.04
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1950                        Prob > F           =    0.3081

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0073489   .0072094    -1.02   0.308     -.021484    .0067862
       _cons |   .0913379   .0042501    21.49   0.000     .0830049    .0996708
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .16569447
     sigma_e |  .13587981
         rho |  .59790647   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(251, 3422) =     5.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3675
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       252

R-sq:  within  = 0.0007                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.0000                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,3421)          =      1.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0445                        Prob > F           =    0.2798

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0062658   .0072625    -0.86   0.388    -.0205051    .0079736
        lpop |   .0019861   .0016168     1.23   0.219     -.001184    .0051561
       _cons |   .0730061    .015517     4.70   0.000     .0425825    .1034296
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .16582965
     sigma_e |   .1358697
         rho |  .59833426   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(251, 3421) =     5.69           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2884
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       204

R-sq:  within  = 0.0120                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0074                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.0212                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2677)          =     10.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0473                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0012293   .0085055    -0.14   0.885    -.0179074    .0154487
        lpop |   .0013025   .0017879     0.73   0.466    -.0022033    .0048083
    demincWB |    .015258    .002797     5.46   0.000     .0097736    .0207424
       _cons |    .074333   .0173794     4.28   0.000     .0402546    .1084114
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .18166142
     sigma_e |  .13436686
         rho |  .64637473   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(203, 2677) =     5.89           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2884
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       204

R-sq:  within  = 0.0120                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0074                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.0212                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2677)          =     10.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0475                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LongGR1 |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0012228   .0085055    -0.14   0.886    -.0179009    .0154553
     lpop_WB |   .0013135   .0017898     0.73   0.463     -.002196    .0048229
    demincWB |   .0152599    .002797     5.46   0.000     .0097755    .0207443
       _cons |   .0651607   .0294457     2.21   0.027     .0074221    .1228993
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .18165781
     sigma_e |  .13436666
         rho |   .6463663   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(203, 2677) =     5.89           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VarGrow         float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |    6792    .0605687   .0653779   .0012576   .9116921

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      6792
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       704

R-sq:  within  = 0.0013                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0228                                        avg =       9.6
       overall = 0.0213                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,6087)          =      7.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1774                         Prob > F           =    0.0056

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0078526   .0028335    -2.77   0.006    -.0134073   -.0022979
       _cons |   .0651101   .0017621    36.95   0.000     .0616558    .0685644
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .07813896
     sigma_e |  .05338013
         rho |  .68180958   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(703, 6087) =     5.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3367
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0665                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3142                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.1630                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3143)          =     74.66
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3071                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0148888   .0021018    -7.08   0.000    -.0190099   -.0107677
        lpop |  -.0045206   .0003262   -13.86   0.000    -.0051602    -.003881
       incWB |  -.0030127   .0005643    -5.34   0.000    -.0041192   -.0019062
       _cons |   .1021805   .0033461    30.54   0.000     .0956199    .1087412
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02456986
     sigma_e |  .02956382
         rho |  .40852629   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3143) =     2.94           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4108
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0612                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2648                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.1257                                        max =        41

                                                F(3,3835)          =     83.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2140                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0145915   .0024698    -5.91   0.000    -.0194338   -.0097493
     lpop_WB |  -.0052509    .000349   -15.04   0.000    -.0059352   -.0045666
       incWB |  -.0034872   .0006295    -5.54   0.000    -.0047214   -.0022531
       _cons |   .1459131   .0059244    24.63   0.000     .1342978    .1575284
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .05529984
     sigma_e |  .03686723
         rho |  .69230003   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3835) =     5.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3367
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0673                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3278                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.1656                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3143)          =     75.65
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3117                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0151208   .0020773    -7.28   0.000    -.0191939   -.0110478
        lpop |  -.0045137   .0003257   -13.86   0.000    -.0051524   -.0038751
       incWB |   -.002985   .0005618    -5.31   0.000    -.0040866   -.0018833
       _cons |   .1021404   .0033191    30.77   0.000     .0956326    .1086482
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02443272
     sigma_e |  .02955084
         rho |  .40603579   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3143) =     2.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4108
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0613                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2671                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.1268                                        max =        41

                                                F(3,3835)          =     83.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2165                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0145996   .0024436    -5.97   0.000    -.0193905   -.0098087
     lpop_WB |  -.0052405   .0003487   -15.03   0.000    -.0059241   -.0045568
       incWB |   -.003456   .0006277    -5.51   0.000    -.0046866   -.0022254
       _cons |   .1456478   .0058964    24.70   0.000     .1340874    .1572083
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .05525421
     sigma_e |  .03686346
         rho |  .69199175   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3835) =     5.85           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5186
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       378

R-sq:  within  = 0.0469                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7100                                        avg =      13.7
       overall = 0.1740                                        max =        41

                                                F(1,4807)          =    236.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4397                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0192537   .0012523   -15.37   0.000    -.0217088   -.0167987
       _cons |   .0629841   .0007397    85.15   0.000     .0615341    .0644342
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |    .019998
     sigma_e |  .02792435
         rho |  .33900441   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(377, 4807) =     2.63           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4084
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       278

R-sq:  within  = 0.0699                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6498                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.1887                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3804)          =    142.99
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3794                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0176974   .0014183   -12.48   0.000    -.0204781   -.0149168
        lpop |  -.0039132   .0003085   -12.68   0.000    -.0045181   -.0033083
       _cons |    .096659   .0029515    32.75   0.000     .0908723    .1024457
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .01603422
     sigma_e |  .02782693
         rho |  .24926088   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(277, 3804) =     2.25           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3154
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       218

R-sq:  within  = 0.0810                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7657                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.2269                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2933)          =     86.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4298                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0156644   .0015757    -9.94   0.000    -.0187539   -.0125749
        lpop |  -.0045447   .0003273   -13.88   0.000    -.0051865   -.0039029
    demincWB |  -.0019452    .000496    -3.92   0.000    -.0029178   -.0009726
       _cons |   .1005322   .0031821    31.59   0.000     .0942929    .1067715
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .01533867
     sigma_e |  .02594149
         rho |  .25904587   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(217, 2933) =     1.85           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3785
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       266

R-sq:  within  = 0.0806                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7805                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.2323                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,3516)          =    102.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4429                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     VarGrow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0155909   .0014352   -10.86   0.000    -.0184048   -.0127769
     lpop_WB |  -.0043087   .0002894   -14.89   0.000    -.0048762   -.0037413
    demincWB |  -.0010398   .0004284    -2.43   0.015    -.0018797   -.0001998
       _cons |   .1279831   .0047933    26.70   0.000     .1185852    .1373811
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .01561828
     sigma_e |  .02515514
         rho |  .27823359   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(265, 3516) =     1.94           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
invest          float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      invest |    4334    21.62213   8.416179   .7396595   113.5779

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4334
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       272

R-sq:  within  = 0.0099                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0481                                        avg =      15.9
       overall = 0.0239                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4061)          =     40.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1047                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.105807   .4871617     6.38   0.000     2.150703    4.060911
       _cons |   19.73779   .3187577    61.92   0.000     19.11285    20.36273
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8297021
     sigma_e |  7.8576274
         rho |  .27420337   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(271, 4061) =     2.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2735
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       215

R-sq:  within  = 0.1113                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2790                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.1342                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2517)          =    105.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0302                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.154351   .5240388     9.84   0.000     4.126759    6.181942
        lpop |  -.6838459   .0792401    -8.63   0.000    -.8392284   -.5284635
       incWB |   1.669137   .1360787    12.27   0.000     1.402299    1.935974
       _cons |   23.85191   .8152996    29.26   0.000     22.25318    25.45063
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.5345618
     sigma_e |  6.5290579
         rho |  .32539918   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(214, 2517) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0870                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3893                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0965                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,3731)          =    118.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0185                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.702547   .5177832     7.15   0.000     2.687381    4.717713
     lpop_WB |  -1.020031     .07296   -13.98   0.000    -1.163076   -.8769857
       incWB |   1.196657   .1237901     9.67   0.000     .9539541     1.43936
       _cons |    35.2519   1.217456    28.96   0.000     32.86496    37.63884
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1185774
     sigma_e |  7.5929121
         rho |  .22733608   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3731) =     2.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2735
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       215

R-sq:  within  = 0.1100                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2714                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.1322                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2517)          =    103.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0281                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.002644    .518871     9.64   0.000     3.985187    6.020102
        lpop |  -.6930253   .0792172    -8.75   0.000    -.8483628   -.5376877
       incWB |   1.640524   .1356058    12.10   0.000     1.374614    1.906434
       _cons |   24.07057     .80866    29.77   0.000     22.48486    25.65627
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.5538426
     sigma_e |  6.5337926
         rho |  .32694561   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(214, 2517) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0874                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3836                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0968                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,3731)          =    119.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0204                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.737572   .5131917     7.28   0.000     2.731408    4.743735
     lpop_WB |  -1.024345    .072894   -14.05   0.000    -1.167261   -.8814292
       incWB |   1.187806    .123404     9.63   0.000     .9458598    1.429751
       _cons |   35.32404   1.211389    29.16   0.000     32.94899    37.69909
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1270102
     sigma_e |  7.5909971
         rho |  .22814427   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3731) =     2.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3740
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       255

R-sq:  within  = 0.0003                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0026                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.0017                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,3484)          =      0.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1527                        Prob > F           =    0.3292

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.4186745   .4290231    -0.98   0.329    -1.259836    .4224874
       _cons |   21.55159   .2695318    79.96   0.000     21.02314    22.08005
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.9679762
     sigma_e |  7.6635583
         rho |  .21141112   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(254, 3484) =     2.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2639
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       213

R-sq:  within  = 0.0363                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0334                                        avg =      12.4
       overall = 0.0097                                        max =        39

                                                F(2,2424)          =     45.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1728                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0814618   .4520997    -0.18   0.857    -.9680036    .8050799
        lpop |  -.8820434   .0924458    -9.54   0.000    -1.063324   -.7007624
       _cons |    29.0563   .8915922    32.59   0.000     27.30793    30.80466
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.215761
     sigma_e |  6.8786298
         rho |  .27305478   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(212, 2424) =     3.43           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2547
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       213

R-sq:  within  = 0.1117                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2799                                        avg =      12.0
       overall = 0.1394                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2331)          =     97.74
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0066                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.032357   .4567228     2.26   0.024     .1367316    1.927982
        lpop |  -.6563884   .0891989    -7.36   0.000    -.8313059    -.481471
    demincWB |   1.912855   .1358832    14.08   0.000     1.646391     2.17932
       _cons |   26.33596   .8754709    30.08   0.000     24.61917    28.05274
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7084105
     sigma_e |  6.5199372
         rho |  .24443382   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(212, 2331) =     2.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       255

R-sq:  within  = 0.0737                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1771                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.0711                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3351)          =     88.88
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0524                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.1315421   .4287349    -0.31   0.759    -.9721506    .7090664
     lpop_WB |   -.825391   .0825961    -9.99   0.000    -.9873348   -.6634471
    demincWB |    1.36042   .1197017    11.37   0.000     1.125724    1.595115
       _cons |   34.62473   1.350854    25.63   0.000     31.97615    37.27332
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7071991
     sigma_e |  7.3230931
         rho |  .20399462   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(254, 3351) =     2.68           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
savings         float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     savings |    4932    16.85909   14.88251  -84.40388   84.24437

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4932
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       272

R-sq:  within  = 0.0083                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0172                                        avg =      18.1
       overall = 0.0291                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4659)          =     39.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1715                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.962922   .7940545     6.25   0.000       3.4062    6.519645
       _cons |    13.9633   .5033348    27.74   0.000     12.97653    14.95008
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.8278962
     sigma_e |  13.812165
         rho |   .2900243   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(271, 4659) =     3.32           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3123
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.2430                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1622                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.3083                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2899)          =    310.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2867                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   14.02084   .8420077    16.65   0.000     12.36984    15.67183
        lpop |   1.002556   .1289941     7.77   0.000     .7496265    1.255485
       incWB |   6.571487    .226954    28.96   0.000     6.126479    7.016494
       _cons |   .5193781   1.303846     0.40   0.690     -2.03718    3.075937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.4737853
     sigma_e |  11.386685
         rho |   .3564204   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 2899) =     1.74           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4408
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.2375                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1931                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2945                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4135)          =    429.34
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2006                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   12.88767    .755207    17.07   0.000     11.40706    14.36829
     lpop_WB |   1.090092   .1082992    10.07   0.000     .8777669    1.302416
       incWB |   6.343303   .1862822    34.05   0.000     5.978089    6.708516
       _cons |  -7.782883   1.797915    -4.33   0.000    -11.30776   -4.258003
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.292459
     sigma_e |  11.786739
         rho |  .27682441   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4135) =     1.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3123
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.2404                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1394                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.3045                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2899)          =    305.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2758                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    13.6285   .8349998    16.32   0.000     11.99124    15.26575
        lpop |   .9812389   .1291005     7.60   0.000     .7281009    1.234377
       incWB |    6.49579   .2263601    28.70   0.000     6.051947    6.939633
       _cons |   1.054003   1.296035     0.81   0.416    -1.487239    3.595246
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.6322743
     sigma_e |  11.406246
         rho |  .36417096   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 2899) =     1.77           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4408
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.2352                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1736                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2917                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4135)          =    423.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1910                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   12.49774   .7496474    16.67   0.000     11.02803    13.96746
     lpop_WB |   1.074199   .1084007     9.91   0.000     .8616755    1.286723
       incWB |   6.285686   .1859639    33.80   0.000     5.921096    6.650275
       _cons |  -7.206387   1.793593    -4.02   0.000    -10.72279   -3.689981
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.403715
     sigma_e |  11.804459
         rho |  .28231832   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4135) =     1.88           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4204
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       267

R-sq:  within  = 0.0012                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1130                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.0131                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,3936)          =      4.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1682                         Prob > F           =    0.0298

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.529816   .7036455     2.17   0.030     .1502718     2.90936
       _cons |   16.98349    .421737    40.27   0.000     16.15665    17.81033
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  9.8440441
     sigma_e |  13.458335
         rho |  .34853976   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(266, 3936) =     3.50           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3046
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0007                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0374                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.0166                                        max =        39

                                                F(2,2824)          =      0.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2208                         Prob > F           =    0.3818

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.045362   .8143085     1.28   0.199    -.5513379    2.642061
        lpop |  -.0770196   .1719495    -0.45   0.654     -.414179    .2601397
       _cons |   18.23748   1.629293    11.19   0.000     15.04276    21.43221
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  10.179885
     sigma_e |   13.43129
         rho |  .36485655   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2824) =     3.10           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2913
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.2410                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3909                                        avg =      13.2
       overall = 0.3294                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2690)          =    284.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1965                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   7.040039   .7546334     9.33   0.000     5.560319    8.519759
        lpop |   .6752554   .1518539     4.45   0.000     .3774933    .9730175
    demincWB |   6.803859   .2330673    29.19   0.000      6.34685    7.260868
       _cons |   8.525839   1.458603     5.85   0.000     5.665744    11.38593
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.9517187
     sigma_e |  11.655728
         rho |  .31760085   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2690) =     1.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3989
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       267

R-sq:  within  = 0.2419                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4273                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.3224                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3719)          =    395.52
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1087                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.981984   .6426456     9.31   0.000     4.722011    7.241956
     lpop_WB |   .6186871   .1265383     4.89   0.000     .3705959    .8667782
    demincWB |   6.326995   .1840681    34.37   0.000      5.96611    6.687879
       _cons |   5.145374   2.055316     2.50   0.012     1.115718     9.17503
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.3406969
     sigma_e |    11.6056
         rho |  .28575161   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(266, 3719) =     1.69           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIVCON         float  %9.0g                  ACLP: Private Consumption 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |    1877    70.68093   15.13617       16.5      167.5

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1877
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0572                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.1475                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0713                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,1750)          =    106.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0584                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -12.71129   1.233645   -10.30   0.000    -15.13086   -10.29171
       _cons |    76.9316   .6941879   110.82   0.000     75.57008    78.29313
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.6806221
     sigma_e |  14.620969
         rho |  .05959439   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1750) =     0.94           Prob > F = 0.6758

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1769
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2642                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3588                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2696                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1640)          =    196.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3997                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -22.54436    1.22522   -18.40   0.000    -24.94752    -20.1412
        lpop |   .2277018   .1938528     1.17   0.240    -.1525232    .6079268
       incWB |  -7.591445   .3500403   -21.69   0.000    -8.278018   -6.904872
       _cons |   78.00416   1.891217    41.25   0.000     74.29471    81.71362
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.7259376
     sigma_e |  12.788328
         rho |   .1201581   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1640) =     0.93           Prob > F = 0.6845

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1772
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2629                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3697                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.2710                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1643)          =    195.34
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3932                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   -22.5671   1.226843   -18.39   0.000    -24.97344   -20.16076
     lpop_WB |   .1997362   .1933635     1.03   0.302    -.1795287    .5790011
       incWB |   -7.57635   .3504324   -21.62   0.000    -8.263691   -6.889009
       _cons |   76.85788   3.172997    24.22   0.000     70.63433    83.08142
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.6713422
     sigma_e |  12.804517
         rho |  .11746033   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1643) =     0.92           Prob > F = 0.7334

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1769
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2630                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3467                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2677                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1640)          =    195.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3953                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -22.25767    1.21567   -18.31   0.000     -24.6421   -19.87324
        lpop |   .2590225   .1938426     1.34   0.182    -.1211826    .6392276
       incWB |  -7.442014   .3473838   -21.42   0.000    -8.123376   -6.760651
       _cons |   77.43598   1.881464    41.16   0.000     73.74565     81.1263
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.770726
     sigma_e |  12.799172
         rho |  .12198518   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1640) =     0.95           Prob > F = 0.6496

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1772
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2617                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3576                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.2691                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1643)          =    194.08
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3886                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -22.27965   1.217278   -18.30   0.000    -24.66723   -19.89207
     lpop_WB |   .2309035   .1933531     1.19   0.233     -.148341    .6101479
       incWB |  -7.426548   .3477657   -21.36   0.000    -8.108658   -6.744437
       _cons |   76.07517   3.164435    24.04   0.000     69.86842    82.28192
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.7164173
     sigma_e |  12.815392
         rho |  .11928746   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1643) =     0.93           Prob > F = 0.7004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1706
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0283                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0328                                        avg =      13.5
       overall = 0.0402                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,1579)          =     45.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0486                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7.982313   1.177536    -6.78   0.000    -10.29201   -5.672614
       _cons |   73.83822    .578341   127.67   0.000     72.70382    74.97262
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1041723
     sigma_e |  14.672671
         rho |  .07256331   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1579) =     0.83           Prob > F = 0.9142

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1706
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0289                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0257                                        avg =      13.5
       overall = 0.0385                                        max =        37

                                                F(2,1578)          =     23.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0347                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7.937738    1.17844    -6.74   0.000    -10.24921   -5.626265
        lpop |   .2629163   .2694659     0.98   0.329    -.2656324    .7914651
       _cons |   71.44252   2.522573    28.32   0.000     66.49457    76.39047
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1376264
     sigma_e |  14.672894
         rho |  .07366153   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1578) =     0.83           Prob > F = 0.9084

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2531                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4998                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2685                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1480)          =    167.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4119                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -16.17537   1.141514   -14.17   0.000    -18.41453   -13.93621
        lpop |   .4412487   .2417004     1.83   0.068    -.0328631    .9153606
    demincWB |  -8.111789   .3803457   -21.33   0.000    -8.857863   -7.365715
       _cons |   70.22005   2.247856    31.24   0.000     65.81072    74.62937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3634438
     sigma_e |  12.933741
         rho |  .10218714   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1480) =     0.68           Prob > F = 0.9969

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2533                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4989                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2685                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1480)          =    167.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4109                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -16.1735    1.14143   -14.17   0.000    -18.41249   -13.93451
     lpop_WB |   .4559021   .2413276     1.89   0.059    -.0174783    .9292826
    demincWB |  -8.109598   .3802626   -21.33   0.000    -8.855509   -7.363687
       _cons |   66.94016   3.883005    17.24   0.000     59.32338    74.55694
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3655256
     sigma_e |  12.932713
         rho |  .10228931   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1480) =     0.68           Prob > F = 0.9968
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
esolow          float  %9.0g                  Solow productivity
                                                residual=ZPGDP-0.4*ZKAP-0.6*ZLA
                                                B: Fischer J of Monetary Econ 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      esolow |    1797   -.0008435   .0577747   -.409189    .460248

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1797
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       174

R-sq:  within  = 0.0014                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0046                                        avg =      10.3
       overall = 0.0036                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1622)          =      2.23
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0476                         Prob > F           =    0.1352

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0069439   .0046453     1.49   0.135    -.0021676    .0160554
       _cons |  -.0051549    .003164    -1.63   0.103    -.0113608     .001051
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .0260807
     sigma_e |  .05513533
         rho |  .18284499   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(173, 1622) =     1.98           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1599
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0050                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0276                                        avg =       9.5
       overall = 0.0091                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1428)          =      2.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0531                         Prob > F           =    0.0677

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0073896   .0050351     1.47   0.142    -.0024874    .0172666
        lpop |    .002064   .0008944     2.31   0.021     .0003096    .0038184
       incWB |   .0013327   .0014596     0.91   0.361    -.0015305    .0041958
       _cons |   -.023803   .0092903    -2.56   0.011     -.042027    -.005579
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03019675
     sigma_e |  .05220137
         rho |  .25072507   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1428) =     2.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1600
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0050                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0370                                        avg =       9.5
       overall = 0.0093                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1428)          =      2.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0556                         Prob > F           =    0.0681

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0073682   .0050344     1.46   0.144    -.0025074    .0172437
     lpop_WB |   .0020646   .0008957     2.30   0.021     .0003075    .0038216
       incWB |   .0013295   .0014595     0.91   0.362    -.0015335    .0041926
       _cons |  -.0380692   .0151842    -2.51   0.012     -.067855   -.0082834
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03018704
     sigma_e |  .05220161
         rho |  .25060258   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1428) =     2.14           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1599
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0052                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0255                                        avg =       9.5
       overall = 0.0092                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1428)          =      2.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0515                         Prob > F           =    0.0605

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0077325   .0049853     1.55   0.121    -.0020468    .0175118
        lpop |   .0020758   .0008946     2.32   0.020     .0003209    .0038306
       incWB |   .0013415   .0014555     0.92   0.357    -.0015137    .0041966
       _cons |  -.0240931   .0092756    -2.60   0.009    -.0422884   -.0058978
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03020325
     sigma_e |  .05219677
         rho |  .25083908   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1428) =     2.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1600
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0051                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0347                                        avg =       9.5
       overall = 0.0095                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1428)          =      2.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0540                         Prob > F           =    0.0609

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0077113   .0049846     1.55   0.122    -.0020665    .0174892
     lpop_WB |   .0020762   .0008959     2.32   0.021     .0003188    .0038337
       incWB |   .0013384   .0014554     0.92   0.358    -.0015166    .0041934
       _cons |  -.0384395   .0151808    -2.53   0.011    -.0682186   -.0086603
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03019353
     sigma_e |  .05219702
         rho |  .25071629   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1428) =     2.14           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1682
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0009                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0004                                        avg =      10.0
       overall = 0.0020                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1513)          =      1.35
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0271                         Prob > F           =    0.2455

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0046182   .0039751     1.16   0.246    -.0031791    .0124155
       _cons |  -.0019938   .0026352    -0.76   0.449    -.0071629    .0031753
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02659259
     sigma_e |  .05164588
         rho |  .20956399   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1513) =     2.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1647
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0085                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0014                                        avg =       9.8
       overall = 0.0069                                        max =        17

                                                F(2,1477)          =      6.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0185                        Prob > F           =    0.0018

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0070124   .0040795     1.72   0.086    -.0009898    .0150146
        lpop |   .0029375   .0009087     3.23   0.001      .001155    .0047199
       _cons |  -.0309979   .0090625    -3.42   0.001    -.0487747   -.0132212
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02683333
     sigma_e |  .05170496
         rho |  .21218275   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1477) =     2.27           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1520
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0096                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0201                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0125                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1349)          =      4.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0262                         Prob > F           =    0.0046

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0076514   .0041984     1.82   0.069    -.0005846    .0158874
        lpop |   .0028615   .0008801     3.25   0.001      .001135     .004588
    demincWB |   .0016149   .0013511     1.20   0.232    -.0010355    .0042654
       _cons |  -.0307214   .0089431    -3.44   0.001    -.0482652   -.0131775
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03106797
     sigma_e |  .04934399
         rho |  .28388388   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1349) =     2.36           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1520
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0096                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0207                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0126                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1349)          =      4.35
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0268                         Prob > F           =    0.0046

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      esolow |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0076484   .0041984     1.82   0.069    -.0005876    .0158844
     lpop_WB |    .002863   .0008815     3.25   0.001     .0011336    .0045923
    demincWB |   .0016082   .0013509     1.19   0.234    -.0010418    .0042583
       _cons |  -.0505026   .0148431    -3.40   0.001    -.0796206   -.0213846
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .0310612
     sigma_e |  .04934442
         rho |  .28379174   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1349) =     2.36           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EducExpend      float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Genuine savings: education
                                                expenditure (% of GDP)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |    3402    3.693273   1.684913          0     10.482

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3402
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.1010                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2868                                        avg =      16.2
       overall = 0.1219                                        max =        38

                                                F(1,3191)          =    358.56
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0706                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.962938   .1036634    18.94   0.000     1.759684    2.166192
       _cons |   2.547938   .0657379    38.76   0.000     2.419045    2.676831
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .75430159
     sigma_e |  1.5018112
         rho |  .20144785   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 3191) =     2.72           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2242
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.1913                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2052                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.2202                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2081)          =    164.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2075                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.214259   .1151938    19.22   0.000     1.988352    2.440166
        lpop |  -.1174183   .0228385    -5.14   0.000     -.162207   -.0726295
       incWB |   .3752004   .0317994    11.80   0.000     .3128385    .4375623
       _cons |   3.364827   .2304483    14.60   0.000     2.912894    3.816761
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87343225
     sigma_e |  1.3589673
         rho |  .29232898   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2081) =     2.36           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3233
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.1900                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1971                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.2314                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,3024)          =    236.42
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1686                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.265632   .1053569    21.50   0.000     2.059054    2.472211
     lpop_WB |  -.1428708   .0197379    -7.24   0.000    -.1815718   -.1041698
       incWB |    .418846   .0259901    16.12   0.000     .3678859    .4698061
       _cons |   4.614553   .3312539    13.93   0.000     3.965047    5.264059
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .83223004
     sigma_e |  1.4321029
         rho |   .2524514   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 3024) =     2.16           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2242
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.1867                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2439                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.2183                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2081)          =    159.25
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1921                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.160639   .1145809    18.86   0.000     1.935934    2.385344
        lpop |  -.1221049   .0228774    -5.34   0.000      -.16697   -.0772399
       incWB |   .3639946   .0317667    11.46   0.000     .3016968    .4262924
       _cons |   3.457033   .2297464    15.05   0.000     3.006477     3.90759
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .8487029
     sigma_e |  1.3628392
         rho |  .27944173   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2081) =     2.32           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3233
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.1870                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2335                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.2299                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,3024)          =    231.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1593                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.224767   .1049286    21.20   0.000     2.019029    2.430506
     lpop_WB |  -.1457837    .019764    -7.38   0.000    -.1845359   -.1070315
       incWB |    .410276   .0259654    15.80   0.000     .3593644    .4611875
       _cons |   4.701475   .3310466    14.20   0.000     4.052376    5.350574
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .8087007
     sigma_e |  1.4347564
         rho |   .2411028   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 3024) =     2.14           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3187
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0765                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2752                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.0943                                        max =        36

                                                F(1,2976)          =    246.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0907                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.492725   .0950517    15.70   0.000     1.306351    1.679098
       _cons |   2.900801   .0579144    50.09   0.000     2.787245    3.014358
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .76347269
     sigma_e |  1.5121444
         rho |  .20313517   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 2976) =     2.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2215
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.1070                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2989                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.1275                                        max =        35

                                                F(2,2055)          =    123.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0326                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.493823   .1026058    14.56   0.000     1.292601    1.695045
        lpop |  -.1173412    .023992    -4.89   0.000    -.1643924   -.0702901
       _cons |   3.950833   .2308571    17.11   0.000     3.498095    4.403571
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .81179901
     sigma_e |  1.4211851
         rho |  .24601365   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2055) =     2.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2170
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.1623                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2748                                        avg =      13.7
       overall = 0.1890                                        max =        35

                                                F(3,2009)          =    129.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2594                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.792827   .1036349    17.30   0.000     1.589584     1.99607
        lpop |   -.061278   .0240933    -2.54   0.011    -.1085285   -.0140275
    demincWB |   .3495584   .0314384    11.12   0.000     .2879031    .4112137
       _cons |   3.225732   .2353438    13.71   0.000     2.764189    3.687275
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .81524577
     sigma_e |  1.3881574
         rho |  .25645313   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2009) =     2.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3110
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.1537                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2362                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.1953                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2901)          =    175.62
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1670                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  EducExpend |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.731577   .0936372    18.49   0.000     1.547975     1.91518
     lpop_WB |  -.0879646   .0208875    -4.21   0.000    -.1289205   -.0470087
    demincWB |   .3710387   .0254921    14.56   0.000     .3210542    .4210232
       _cons |   4.163982   .3454349    12.05   0.000     3.486659    4.841304
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .7909582
     sigma_e |  1.4582843
         rho |  .22731382   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2901) =     2.13           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FemSec          float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Secondary education,
                                                pupils (% female)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |    1375    46.12939   8.005887   5.707095   67.17873

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1375
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       152

R-sq:  within  = 0.0342                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3311                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.1534                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,1222)          =     43.25
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3500                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.899482    .744991     6.58   0.000     3.437879    6.361085
       _cons |   42.94828   .5129415    83.73   0.000     41.94194    43.95463
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.2140081
     sigma_e |   6.329998
         rho |  .49075415   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(151, 1222) =     4.23           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       681
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       109

R-sq:  within  = 0.1715                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2828                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.2569                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,569)           =     39.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1371                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   7.366161   1.027027     7.17   0.000     5.348934    9.383388
        lpop |  -.6282926   .1590367    -3.95   0.000    -.9406632   -.3159219
       incWB |   2.108593   .2705053     7.80   0.000     1.577283    2.639904
       _cons |   45.35128   1.694716    26.76   0.000     42.02261    48.67994
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.6954781
     sigma_e |   5.917992
         rho |  .56140604   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(108, 569) =     3.94            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1198
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1580                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2664                                        avg =       8.1
       overall = 0.2522                                        max =        33

                                                F(3,1047)          =     65.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2101                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   6.780669    .783197     8.66   0.000     5.243854    8.317483
     lpop_WB |  -.6393563   .1027014    -6.23   0.000    -.8408804   -.4378322
       incWB |   1.550079   .1724641     8.99   0.000     1.211665    1.888494
       _cons |   51.13932   1.769819    28.90   0.000     47.66652    54.61211
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   6.890392
     sigma_e |  5.7483669
         rho |  .58962718   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 1047) =     4.01           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       681
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       109

R-sq:  within  = 0.1677                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3005                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.2591                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,569)           =     38.23
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1513                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   7.124201   1.021843     6.97   0.000     5.117157    9.131245
        lpop |  -.6434688   .1591751    -4.04   0.000    -.9561112   -.3308264
       incWB |   2.081501   .2706041     7.69   0.000     1.549996    2.613006
       _cons |   45.70917   1.684064    27.14   0.000     42.40143    49.01691
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.6558996
     sigma_e |  5.9315566
         rho |  .55735491   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(108, 569) =     3.85            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1198
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1552                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2785                                        avg =       8.1
       overall = 0.2523                                        max =        33

                                                F(3,1047)          =     64.10
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2174                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   6.568827   .7782695     8.44   0.000     5.041681    8.095972
     lpop_WB |  -.6591881   .1026556    -6.42   0.000    -.8606221    -.457754
       incWB |   1.540085   .1726696     8.92   0.000     1.201267    1.878903
       _cons |   51.64879   1.755478    29.42   0.000     48.20413    55.09344
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.8688419
     sigma_e |  5.7579121
         rho |  .58730639   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 1047) =     3.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1198
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0142                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3552                                        avg =       8.1
       overall = 0.1470                                        max =        33

                                                F(1,1050)          =     15.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4129                         Prob > F           =    0.0001

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.540782   .6535592     3.89   0.000     1.258351    3.823213
       _cons |   44.41641   .4340086   102.34   0.000     43.56478    45.26803
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.6642684
     sigma_e |  6.2305105
         rho |  .53360024   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 1050) =     4.44           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       688
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       104

R-sq:  within  = 0.0751                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0826                                        avg =       6.6
       overall = 0.0805                                        max =        20

                                                F(2,582)           =     23.62
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1005                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.511219   .8927254     2.81   0.005     .7578635    4.264575
        lpop |  -1.008514   .1805093    -5.59   0.000    -1.363043   -.6539846
       _cons |   52.76596   1.809727    29.16   0.000     49.21157    56.32036
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.6132741
     sigma_e |    6.25509
         rho |  .59700361   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(103, 582) =     4.49            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       640
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       104

R-sq:  within  = 0.1613                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1565                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.2201                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,533)           =     34.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1027                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    4.19375   .9233287     4.54   0.000      2.37994    6.007559
        lpop |  -.6768266   .1854323    -3.65   0.000    -1.041094   -.3125588
    demincWB |   2.177674    .279864     7.78   0.000     1.627902    2.727445
       _cons |   48.06221    1.90641    25.21   0.000     44.31721    51.80721
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.241785
     sigma_e |  6.0143823
         rho |  .59180402   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(103, 533) =     3.69            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1102
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.1445                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1727                                        avg =       7.7
       overall = 0.2231                                        max =        33

                                                F(3,955)           =     53.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1920                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      FemSec |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    3.85901   .6777335     5.69   0.000     2.528991    5.189029
     lpop_WB |  -.7269869   .1285613    -5.65   0.000    -.9792822   -.4746916
    demincWB |   1.605972   .1745255     9.20   0.000     1.263474    1.948469
       _cons |   54.67332   2.154621    25.37   0.000     50.44498    58.90166
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.1776466
     sigma_e |  5.8134539
         rho |  .60386447   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 955) =     3.84            Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bhkavg          float  %9.0g                  average Barro-Lee human capital
                                                stock (average years of
                                                educational attainment o

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |    1968    5.120284   3.016521       .407    11.8532

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1968
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       166

R-sq:  within  = 0.1921                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5862                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.3210                                        max =        19

                                                F(1,1801)          =    428.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3601                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.678383   .1777786    20.69   0.000     3.329709    4.027057
       _cons |   2.933908   .1170335    25.07   0.000     2.704372    3.163443
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.6142503
     sigma_e |  2.2317846
         rho |  .34347153   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(165, 1801) =     3.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1672
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       151

R-sq:  within  = 0.4513                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6575                                        avg =      11.1
       overall = 0.5496                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1518)          =    416.14
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1112                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.461169   .1805834    30.24   0.000      5.10695    5.815389
        lpop |  -.1077726   .0326081    -3.31   0.001    -.1717344   -.0438108
       incWB |   1.323248   .0498603    26.54   0.000     1.225446     1.42105
       _cons |   2.571644    .319564     8.05   0.000     1.944811    3.198478
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.0121953
     sigma_e |  1.8763178
         rho |  .22541586   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(150, 1518) =     2.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1683
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       153

R-sq:  within  = 0.4368                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6512                                        avg =      11.0
       overall = 0.5430                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1527)          =    394.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0626                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    5.32814   .1817676    29.31   0.000       4.9716    5.684681
     lpop_WB |  -.1049015   .0330218    -3.18   0.002    -.1696745   -.0401286
       incWB |    1.31119   .0504474    25.99   0.000     1.212236    1.410143
       _cons |   3.377686   .5404003     6.25   0.000      2.31768    4.437691
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.0300026
     sigma_e |  1.8996093
         rho |  .22720278   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(152, 1527) =     1.98           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1672
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       151

R-sq:  within  = 0.4421                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6649                                        avg =      11.1
       overall = 0.5450                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1518)          =    400.94
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0900                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.325903   .1801018    29.57   0.000     4.972628    5.679177
        lpop |    -.10475   .0328814    -3.19   0.001    -.1692478   -.0402522
       incWB |   1.292367   .0500262    25.83   0.000     1.194239    1.390494
       _cons |   2.675188   .3215646     8.32   0.000      2.04443    3.305946
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .99916805
     sigma_e |  1.8919714
         rho |  .21807782   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(150, 1518) =     1.97           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1683
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       153

R-sq:  within  = 0.4282                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6579                                        avg =      11.0
       overall = 0.5387                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1527)          =    381.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0420                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    5.19854   .1811955    28.69   0.000     4.843122    5.553959
     lpop_WB |  -.1020378    .033276    -3.07   0.002    -.1673092   -.0367664
       incWB |   1.281267   .0505844    25.33   0.000     1.182045    1.380489
       _cons |   3.457925   .5442968     6.35   0.000     2.390277    4.525574
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.0195109
     sigma_e |   1.914151
         rho |  .22099071   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(152, 1527) =     1.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1857
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       150

R-sq:  within  = 0.1801                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.8745                                        avg =      12.4
       overall = 0.3310                                        max =        18

                                                F(1,1706)          =    374.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4287                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    3.03131    .156611    19.36   0.000      2.72414     3.33848
       _cons |   3.541355   .0987188    35.87   0.000     3.347732    3.734978
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.3512371
     sigma_e |    2.27186
         rho |  .26131275   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(149, 1706) =     3.43           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1783
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       150

R-sq:  within  = 0.1957                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.8771                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.3607                                        max =        18

                                                F(2,1631)          =    198.43
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4489                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.220608   .1624523    19.82   0.000     2.901971    3.539245
        lpop |  -.0302299   .0389337    -0.78   0.438    -.1065952    .0461354
       _cons |   3.685453   .3709692     9.93   0.000     2.957827    4.413079
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.2723106
     sigma_e |  2.2376215
         rho |  .24431658   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(149, 1631) =     2.93           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1601
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       150

R-sq:  within  = 0.5185                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7573                                        avg =      10.7
       overall = 0.6066                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1448)          =    519.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2661                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.765941   .1463022    32.58   0.000     4.478954    5.052928
        lpop |  -.0670783   .0317758    -2.11   0.035    -.1294098   -.0047468
    demincWB |   1.420056   .0469238    30.26   0.000      1.32801    1.512102
       _cons |   2.942647   .3028244     9.72   0.000     2.348626    3.536669
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87999827
     sigma_e |  1.7652538
         rho |  .19904726   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(149, 1448) =     1.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1610
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       150

R-sq:  within  = 0.4925                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7560                                        avg =      10.7
       overall = 0.5937                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1457)          =    471.35
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1876                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      bhkavg |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.541187   .1480229    30.68   0.000     4.250827    4.831548
     lpop_WB |  -.0647862   .0326146    -1.99   0.047    -.1287627   -.0008097
    demincWB |    1.39932   .0480872    29.10   0.000     1.304993    1.493648
       _cons |   3.531367   .5289421     6.68   0.000     2.493798    4.568937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87400295
     sigma_e |  1.8110886
         rho |  .18889607   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(149, 1457) =     1.76           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd    float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Labor force with primary
                                                education (% of total)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |     102    44.06471   20.29886       10.4       86.3

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       102
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        36

R-sq:  within  = 0.0001                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0002                                        avg =       2.8
       overall = 0.0022                                        max =        14

                                                F(1,65)            =      0.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0843                        Prob > F           =    0.9423

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    1.14353   15.74026     0.07   0.942    -30.29193    32.57899
       _cons |   43.12298   13.08755     3.29   0.002     16.98533    69.26062
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.630876
     sigma_e |   18.22363
         rho |  .51104876   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(35, 65) =     1.72              Prob > F = 0.0301

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        25
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        11

R-sq:  within  = 0.2866                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0363                                        avg =       2.3
       overall = 0.0509                                        max =         5

                                                F(3,11)            =      1.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.5466                        Prob > F           =    0.2755

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.4716837   27.38145    -0.02   0.987    -60.73786    59.79449
        lpop |  -4.360732   2.899483    -1.50   0.161    -10.74245    2.020987
       incWB |   6.127728   5.985311     1.02   0.328    -7.045853    19.30131
       _cons |   95.12346   39.35969     2.42   0.034     8.493372    181.7536
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.522518
     sigma_e |  15.361588
         rho |  .47194465   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(10, 11) =     1.20              Prob > F = 0.3828

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        98
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.1262                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1596                                        avg =       2.8
       overall = 0.0018                                        max =        13

                                                F(3,60)            =      2.89
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4762                        Prob > F           =    0.0429

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   7.081708   15.84108     0.45   0.656    -24.60517    38.76859
     lpop_WB |   1.196764   1.447108     0.83   0.412    -1.697883    4.091412
       incWB |   7.718199   2.740187     2.82   0.007     2.237008    13.19939
       _cons |   14.90532   29.10977     0.51   0.611    -43.32288    73.13353
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |    22.9312
     sigma_e |  17.107452
         rho |   .6424396   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 60) =     2.35              Prob > F = 0.0019

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        25
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        11

R-sq:  within  = 0.2868                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0423                                        avg =       2.3
       overall = 0.0498                                        max =         5

                                                F(3,11)            =      1.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.5437                        Prob > F           =    0.2752

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -1.363356   25.71676    -0.05   0.959    -57.96557    55.23885
        lpop |  -4.370054   2.855355    -1.53   0.154    -10.65465     1.91454
       incWB |   6.053555   5.909629     1.02   0.328    -6.953451    19.06056
       _cons |   95.89791   36.65446     2.62   0.024     15.22199    176.5738
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.557422
     sigma_e |  15.359833
         rho |  .47319825   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(10, 11) =     1.24              Prob > F = 0.3641

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        98
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.1250                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1649                                        avg =       2.8
       overall = 0.0019                                        max =        13

                                                F(3,60)            =      2.86
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4755                        Prob > F           =    0.0444

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.473497   15.58821     0.35   0.727    -25.70756    36.65456
     lpop_WB |   1.160971   1.442809     0.80   0.424    -1.725078    4.047019
       incWB |   7.749621   2.741732     2.83   0.006     2.265341     13.2339
       _cons |   16.82783    28.6785     0.59   0.560    -40.53772    74.19338
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.924721
     sigma_e |   17.11834
         rho |  .64201735   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 60) =     2.34              Prob > F = 0.0020

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        98
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0032                                        avg =       2.8
       overall = 0.0003                                        max =        13

                                                F(1,62)            =      0.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0267                        Prob > F           =    0.9932

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .1115668   12.98284     0.01   0.993    -25.84076    26.06389
       _cons |   43.15699   10.97517     3.93   0.000     21.21794    65.09604
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.950884
     sigma_e |  18.003077
         rho |  .49854836   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 62) =     1.76              Prob > F = 0.0271

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        26
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        12

R-sq:  within  = 0.2737                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4069                                        avg =       2.2
       overall = 0.0035                                        max =         5

                                                F(2,12)            =      2.26
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.5710                        Prob > F           =    0.1467

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -19.68271    18.4678    -1.07   0.307     -59.9206    20.55517
        lpop |  -5.060795   2.688197    -1.88   0.084    -10.91787     .796284
       _cons |   116.7724    30.4433     3.84   0.002      50.4421    183.1026
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.348071
     sigma_e |   14.83991
         rho |    .577452   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(11, 12) =     1.36              Prob > F = 0.3009

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        26
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        12

R-sq:  within  = 0.3513                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1779                                        avg =       2.2
       overall = 0.0313                                        max =         5

                                                F(3,11)            =      1.99
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.5936                        Prob > F           =    0.1747

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -11.4217   19.60253    -0.58   0.572    -54.56658    31.72318
        lpop |  -3.944875   2.826492    -1.40   0.190    -10.16594    2.276193
    demincWB |   6.316547   5.509125     1.15   0.276    -5.808956    18.44205
       _cons |   98.86325   33.86883     2.92   0.014     24.31845    173.4081
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.150665
     sigma_e |  14.649126
         rho |  .57818147   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(11, 11) =     1.46              Prob > F = 0.2713

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =        98
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.1304                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1882                                        avg =       2.8
       overall = 0.0015                                        max =        13

                                                F(3,60)            =      3.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4882                        Prob > F           =    0.0376

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor_PrimEd |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .7746701   12.54959     0.06   0.951    -24.32824    25.87758
     lpop_WB |   1.203225   1.451509     0.83   0.410    -1.700226    4.106676
    demincWB |   7.049375   2.366243     2.98   0.004     2.316184    11.78257
       _cons |    19.8819   27.84507     0.71   0.478    -35.81654    75.58034
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.224143
     sigma_e |  17.065977
         rho |  .62905963   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 60) =     2.19              Prob > F = 0.0039
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Illiteracy      float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Illiteracy rate, adult
                                                total (% of people ages 15 and
                                                above)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |    3904    34.64119   26.15658         .2       94.3

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3904
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0673                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5967                                        avg =      18.6
       overall = 0.1850                                        max =        40

                                                F(1,3693)          =    266.49
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3423                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -19.07647   1.168577   -16.32   0.000    -21.36759   -16.78535
       _cons |   44.30647   .6561178    67.53   0.000     43.02008    45.59286
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  16.934182
     sigma_e |  17.666243
         rho |  .47885189   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 3693) =    15.69           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.3876                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3761                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.5216                                        max =        35

                                                F(3,1843)          =    388.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3179                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -41.31629   1.415625   -29.19   0.000    -44.09268   -38.53989
        lpop |   .2544685   .2253397     1.13   0.259    -.1874794    .6964164
       incWB |  -10.79306   .3966743   -27.21   0.000    -11.57103   -10.01508
       _cons |   56.71502   2.281081    24.86   0.000     52.24124     61.1888
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.886615
     sigma_e |  14.608672
         rho |  .54183279   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 1843) =     6.86           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3003
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.3601                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3521                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.5067                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2794)          =    524.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3688                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -37.18386   1.207868   -30.78   0.000    -39.55227   -34.81546
     lpop_WB |   .2068883   .1715248     1.21   0.228    -.1294398    .5432165
       incWB |  -9.969131   .3030124   -32.90   0.000    -10.56328    -9.37498
       _cons |   50.27598     2.9251    17.19   0.000     44.54041    56.01156
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.728389
     sigma_e |  14.584213
         rho |   .5376922   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2794) =     7.68           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.3715                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4302                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.5180                                        max =        35

                                                F(3,1843)          =    363.10
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3458                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -39.64895   1.417141   -27.98   0.000    -42.42832   -36.86958
        lpop |   .3725795   .2277016     1.64   0.102    -.0740006    .8191596
       incWB |  -10.46038   .3989398   -26.22   0.000     -11.2428   -9.677958
       _cons |   54.48579   2.288579    23.81   0.000     49.99731    58.97427
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |    15.4416
     sigma_e |  14.799482
         rho |  .52122373   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 1843) =     6.47           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3003
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.3528                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4043                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.5081                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2794)          =    507.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3871                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -36.30173   1.206451   -30.09   0.000    -38.66735    -33.9361
     lpop_WB |   .3118762   .1718925     1.81   0.070    -.0251728    .6489252
       incWB |  -9.824899    .303664   -32.35   0.000    -10.42033   -9.229471
       _cons |   47.84897   2.917092    16.40   0.000     42.12909    53.56884
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.340143
     sigma_e |  14.667372
         rho |  .52240883   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2794) =     7.32           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3199
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0354                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5956                                        avg =      15.2
       overall = 0.1841                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,2988)          =    109.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4117                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -11.41737   1.089927   -10.48   0.000    -13.55445   -9.280286
       _cons |   41.61851   .5657652    73.56   0.000     40.50918    42.72784
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.082392
     sigma_e |  18.152887
         rho |  .46964668   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 2988) =    11.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2109
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.0765                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2256                                        avg =      13.3
       overall = 0.1006                                        max =        36

                                                F(2,1949)          =     80.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1619                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -12.42225   1.277576    -9.72   0.000    -14.92781   -9.916696
        lpop |   1.930352   .2723509     7.09   0.000     1.396222    2.464482
       _cons |   28.04314   2.569252    10.91   0.000     23.00437    33.08191
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.304853
     sigma_e |  17.611923
         rho |  .54576177   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 1949) =    11.56           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1895
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.3629                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2644                                        avg =      12.0
       overall = 0.4904                                        max =        33

                                                F(3,1734)          =    329.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2584                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -29.78802   1.247088   -23.89   0.000    -32.23398   -27.34207
        lpop |  -.1657598   .2559565    -0.65   0.517    -.6677757     .336256
    demincWB |   -11.3838   .4169328   -27.30   0.000    -12.20154   -10.56605
       _cons |   51.38393   2.460927    20.88   0.000     46.55724    56.21063
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.237303
     sigma_e |  14.853932
         rho |  .57386122   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 1734) =     6.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2753
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.3425                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1883                                        avg =      13.4
       overall = 0.4612                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,2544)          =    441.75
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2770                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Illiteracy |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -26.3036   1.040494   -25.28   0.000     -28.3439    -24.2633
     lpop_WB |   .0679755   .2051526     0.33   0.740    -.3343075    .4702586
    demincWB |  -10.55904   .3223272   -32.76   0.000    -11.19109   -9.926987
       _cons |   43.91605   3.362418    13.06   0.000      37.3227    50.50941
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.172362
     sigma_e |  14.760121
         rho |  .57511328   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 2544) =     7.11           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deathrate       float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Death rate, crude (per
                                                1,000 people)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |    4015    11.27111   5.492223          0         40

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4015
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       260

R-sq:  within  = 0.0492                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2337                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.1156                                        max =        47

                                                F(1,3754)          =    194.35
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2354                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -3.091621   .2217642   -13.94   0.000    -3.526411   -2.656831
       _cons |    13.2102   .1489335    88.70   0.000     12.91821     13.5022
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.5120967
     sigma_e |  3.3734241
         rho |  .52013157   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(259, 3754) =    21.84           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2029
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       200

R-sq:  within  = 0.2256                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2742                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.3304                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1826)          =    177.29
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2266                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -5.011346   .2789478   -17.97   0.000    -5.558437   -4.464256
        lpop |   .1478027   .0409029     3.61   0.000     .0675813    .2280241
       incWB |  -1.198576   .0742978   -16.13   0.000    -1.344293   -1.052858
       _cons |   13.98604   .4429565    31.57   0.000     13.11729     14.8548
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.2476526
     sigma_e |  2.9163764
         rho |  .55358868   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(199, 1826) =    12.90           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2963
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       247

R-sq:  within  = 0.1797                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2668                                        avg =      12.0
       overall = 0.2611                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2713)          =    198.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2443                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -3.951624   .2330371   -16.96   0.000    -4.408572   -3.494676
     lpop_WB |   .2718426   .0312497     8.70   0.000      .210567    .3331182
       incWB |  -.8643754   .0558622   -15.47   0.000    -.9739123   -.7548386
       _cons |   9.568357   .5344789    17.90   0.000      8.52033    10.61638
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   3.239204
     sigma_e |  2.8586084
         rho |   .5621729   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(246, 2713) =    16.19           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2029
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       200

R-sq:  within  = 0.2227                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2810                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.3282                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1826)          =    174.40
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2277                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -4.915252   .2770135   -17.74   0.000    -5.458548   -4.371955
        lpop |   .1539565   .0409368     3.76   0.000     .0736686    .2342444
       incWB |  -1.180755   .0742463   -15.90   0.000    -1.326372   -1.035139
       _cons |   13.82854   .4402901    31.41   0.000     12.96501    14.69206
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.2366204
     sigma_e |  2.9217575
         rho |  .55099427   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(199, 1826) =    12.89           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2963
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       247

R-sq:  within  = 0.1779                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2732                                        avg =      12.0
       overall = 0.2594                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2713)          =    195.71
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2435                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -3.886316   .2319071   -16.76   0.000    -4.341049   -3.431584
     lpop_WB |   .2763782   .0312621     8.84   0.000     .2150783    .3376781
       incWB |  -.8559412   .0558632   -15.32   0.000    -.9654799   -.7464024
       _cons |   9.426826   .5326608    17.70   0.000     8.382364    10.47129
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.2303201
     sigma_e |  2.8618095
         rho |  .56026909   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(246, 2713) =    16.18           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3066
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       238

R-sq:  within  = 0.0308                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2246                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.1286                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2827)          =     89.93
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2983                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -1.808407   .1906939    -9.48   0.000    -2.182321   -1.434494
       _cons |   12.52317   .1252968    99.95   0.000     12.27749    12.76886
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.2561923
     sigma_e |  3.3222302
         rho |  .62139589   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(237, 2827) =    19.02           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2077
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       191

R-sq:  within  = 0.0753                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2940                                        avg =      10.9
       overall = 0.1641                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,1884)          =     76.71
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2814                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.533219   .2330009   -10.87   0.000    -2.990186   -2.076252
        lpop |   .1994132   .0493047     4.04   0.000     .1027156    .2961107
       _cons |   11.71929   .4915837    23.84   0.000     10.75518    12.68339
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7702715
     sigma_e |   3.222138
         rho |  .57791103   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(190, 1884) =    16.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1887
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       191

R-sq:  within  = 0.2130                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2493                                        avg =       9.9
       overall = 0.3439                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1693)          =    152.71
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2439                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -3.720485   .2347365   -15.85   0.000    -4.180889    -3.26008
        lpop |    .044044   .0476793     0.92   0.356    -.0494726    .1375606
    demincWB |  -1.205308   .0758524   -15.89   0.000    -1.354082   -1.056533
       _cons |   13.92871   .4891186    28.48   0.000     12.96937    14.88805
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.5059248
     sigma_e |  2.9367104
         rho |  .58766686   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(190, 1693) =    12.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2655
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       236

R-sq:  within  = 0.1464                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2291                                        avg =      11.3
       overall = 0.2438                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2416)          =    138.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2572                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Deathrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.464144   .1934251   -12.74   0.000     -2.84344   -2.084848
     lpop_WB |   .1802524    .038797     4.65   0.000     .1041736    .2563313
    demincWB |  -.8651681   .0566443   -15.27   0.000    -.9762444   -.7540917
       _cons |   10.02115   .6460783    15.51   0.000     8.754222    11.28807
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.9251326
     sigma_e |  2.8823074
         rho |   .6496766   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(235, 2416) =    15.05           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beds            float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Hospital beds (per 1,000
                                                people)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
        Beds |    1436     5.89558   6.668906   .1166965   89.54707

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1436
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.0084                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0155                                        avg =      10.0
       overall = 0.0372                                        max =        41

                                                F(1,1291)          =     10.93
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1667                         Prob > F           =    0.0010

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.451535   .7413596     3.31   0.001     .9971332    3.905936
       _cons |    4.36081    .487992     8.94   0.000     3.403465    5.318154
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.8243883
     sigma_e |  5.7125391
         rho |  .30948456   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 1291) =     4.14           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       598
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        94

R-sq:  within  = 0.3441                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3483                                        avg =       6.4
       overall = 0.5466                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,501)           =     87.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3648                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.117982   .4144907    12.35   0.000     4.303627    5.932336
        lpop |  -.1897886   .0627817    -3.02   0.003    -.3131363   -.0664408
       incWB |   1.179957   .1061185    11.12   0.000     .9714651     1.38845
       _cons |   2.452914   .6914954     3.55   0.000     1.094326    3.811502
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.1743141
     sigma_e |  2.1581625
         rho |  .50372799   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(93, 501) =     3.62             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1044
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       137

R-sq:  within  = 0.1567                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2342                                        avg =       7.6
       overall = 0.3526                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,904)           =     56.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4060                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    3.70304   .4196436     8.82   0.000     2.879451    4.526629
     lpop_WB |  -.1861634   .0553861    -3.36   0.001    -.2948636   -.0774632
       incWB |   .7873249   .0915859     8.60   0.000     .6075792    .9670705
       _cons |   5.247427   .9709319     5.40   0.000     3.341884     7.15297
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8157302
     sigma_e |  2.7433974
         rho |  .51300933   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(136, 904) =     4.59            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       598
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        94

R-sq:  within  = 0.3391                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3521                                        avg =       6.4
       overall = 0.5439                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,501)           =     85.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3724                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.000118   .4117496    12.14   0.000      4.19115    5.809087
        lpop |  -.2018846   .0628499    -3.21   0.001    -.3253664   -.0784028
       incWB |   1.148489   .1058919    10.85   0.000     .9404417    1.356536
       _cons |   2.676827   .6867096     3.90   0.000     1.327642    4.026013
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.1677187
     sigma_e |  2.1664624
         rho |  .50028985   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(93, 501) =     3.60             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1044
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       137

R-sq:  within  = 0.1562                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2365                                        avg =       7.6
       overall = 0.3536                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,904)           =     55.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4079                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.672426   .4177649     8.79   0.000     2.852525    4.492328
     lpop_WB |  -.1909978   .0553466    -3.45   0.001    -.2996207   -.0823749
       incWB |   .7785121   .0915581     8.50   0.000     .5988209    .9582033
       _cons |   5.367544   .9663571     5.55   0.000      3.47098    7.264108
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8118382
     sigma_e |  2.7442246
         rho |  .51216754   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(136, 904) =     4.57            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1074
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       137

R-sq:  within  = 0.0482                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1152                                        avg =       7.8
       overall = 0.2101                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,936)           =     47.43
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3816                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.260791   .3282713     6.89   0.000     1.616558    2.905024
       _cons |   3.350298   .2143713    15.63   0.000     2.929593    3.771002
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.4431647
     sigma_e |    2.86466
         rho |  .42108743   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(136, 936) =     5.90            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       628
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        96

R-sq:  within  = 0.1659                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0851                                        avg =       6.5
       overall = 0.2821                                        max =        32

                                                F(2,530)           =     52.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2954                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.035799   .3444049     8.81   0.000     2.359233    3.712365
        lpop |  -.2768465   .0710121    -3.90   0.000    -.4163463   -.1373467
       _cons |   4.778264   .7152196     6.68   0.000      3.37325    6.183277
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.4110164
     sigma_e |  2.3634004
         rho |  .50997217   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(95, 530) =     6.19             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       574
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        93

R-sq:  within  = 0.3743                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2921                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.5565                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,478)           =     95.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2627                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.243057   .3342567    12.69   0.000     3.586263    4.899851
        lpop |  -.0738122   .0679864    -1.09   0.278    -.2074013     .059777
    demincWB |   1.279183   .1014907    12.60   0.000      1.07976    1.478606
       _cons |   2.235934   .7006028     3.19   0.002     .8592925    3.612576
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.2141394
     sigma_e |  2.0966043
         rho |  .52724536   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(92, 478) =     3.89             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       972
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       133

R-sq:  within  = 0.1595                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2863                                        avg =       7.3
       overall = 0.3711                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,836)           =     52.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4313                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Beds |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.463161   .3442329     7.16   0.000     1.787499    3.138823
     lpop_WB |  -.2298352   .0641605    -3.58   0.000    -.3557699   -.1039005
    demincWB |   .8108184   .0865417     9.37   0.000     .6409538     .980683
       _cons |   6.899076   1.087219     6.35   0.000     4.765076    9.033076
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.2469091
     sigma_e |  2.7412153
         rho |  .40186707   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(132, 836) =     4.15            Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HealthEXP       float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Health expenditure, total
                                                (% of GDP)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |    1251    5.484333   2.293262        1.6       13.6

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1251
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        65

R-sq:  within  = 0.0638                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.5197                                        avg =      19.2
       overall = 0.1994                                        max =        38

                                                F(1,1185)          =     80.81
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4383                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.330408   .2592363     8.99   0.000     1.821795    2.839021
       _cons |    3.92281   .1822676    21.52   0.000     3.565207    4.280413
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .99685872
     sigma_e |  1.9527298
         rho |  .20673017   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(64, 1185) =     3.05            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       250
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        21

R-sq:  within  = 0.2600                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6444                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.4483                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,226)           =     26.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0312                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.939815   .5064685     7.78   0.000     2.941811     4.93782
        lpop |   .2668869   .0678794     3.93   0.000     .1331295    .4006443
       incWB |   .5936307   .1075182     5.52   0.000     .3817643    .8054971
       _cons |   .0467821   .8060255     0.06   0.954    -1.541504    1.635068
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .9061799
     sigma_e |  1.5415476
         rho |  .25681127   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(20, 226) =     2.74             Prob > F = 0.0002

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1175
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        65

R-sq:  within  = 0.1595                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7517                                        avg =      18.1
       overall = 0.3329                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1107)          =     70.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4136                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.753834   .2685181    10.26   0.000     2.226973    3.280696
     lpop_WB |   .0825188   .0328811     2.51   0.012     .0180025     .147035
       incWB |    .583488   .0520643    11.21   0.000     .4813322    .6856439
       _cons |   2.334082   .5567126     4.19   0.000     1.241751    3.426413
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .76018051
     sigma_e |  1.8458008
         rho |  .14501768   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(64, 1107) =     1.57            Prob > F = 0.0034

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       250
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        21

R-sq:  within  = 0.2592                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6438                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.4472                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,226)           =     26.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0307                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    3.92156   .5055156     7.76   0.000     2.925433    4.917686
        lpop |   .2645755     .06785     3.90   0.000      .130876    .3982751
       incWB |   .5884565   .1074622     5.48   0.000     .3767004    .8002125
       _cons |   .0900188   .8036281     0.11   0.911    -1.493544    1.673581
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .90731835
     sigma_e |  1.5424449
         rho |   .2570685   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(20, 226) =     2.75             Prob > F = 0.0002

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1175
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        65

R-sq:  within  = 0.1592                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7518                                        avg =      18.1
       overall = 0.3328                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1107)          =     69.88
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4148                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.745293    .268165    10.24   0.000     2.219124    3.271462
     lpop_WB |   .0814391   .0328844     2.48   0.013     .0169164    .1459619
       incWB |   .5808608   .0520453    11.16   0.000     .4787422    .6829794
       _cons |   2.363576   .5559036     4.25   0.000     1.272833     3.45432
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .76021682
     sigma_e |  1.8460871
         rho |  .14499106   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(64, 1107) =     1.57            Prob > F = 0.0035

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1089
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        57

R-sq:  within  = 0.0497                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6354                                        avg =      19.1
       overall = 0.1982                                        max =        38

                                                F(1,1031)          =     53.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4856                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.660415   .2262228     7.34   0.000     1.216506    2.104325
       _cons |   4.434281   .1634685    27.13   0.000     4.113513     4.75505
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.1409006
     sigma_e |  1.9614372
         rho |  .25280288   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(56, 1031) =     3.77            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       237
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        18

R-sq:  within  = 0.1179                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.6151                                        avg =      13.2
       overall = 0.3100                                        max =        19

                                                F(2,217)           =     14.50
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3284                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.737461   .5096281     5.37   0.000     1.733006    3.741916
        lpop |   .1202797   .0788787     1.52   0.129    -.0351868    .2757462
       _cons |   2.353082   .8982478     2.62   0.009     .5826746    4.123489
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.1486723
     sigma_e |  1.6964535
         rho |  .31434873   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(17, 217) =     3.66             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       235
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        18

R-sq:  within  = 0.2772                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.6914                                        avg =      13.1
       overall = 0.4623                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,214)           =     27.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0973                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.170904   .4697277     6.75   0.000     2.245019     4.09679
        lpop |   .2152483   .0727801     2.96   0.003     .0717906    .3587059
    demincWB |   .7343479   .1053064     6.97   0.000     .5267772    .9419186
       _cons |   1.164106   .8353344     1.39   0.165    -.4824309    2.810643
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .88941134
     sigma_e |  1.5372302
         rho |  .25079902   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(17, 214) =     2.73             Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1060
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        56

R-sq:  within  = 0.2025                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7706                                        avg =      18.9
       overall = 0.3663                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1001)          =     84.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3549                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   HealthEXP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.885927    .215596     8.75   0.000     1.462855    2.308999
     lpop_WB |   .0871647   .0378974     2.30   0.022     .0127972    .1615322
    demincWB |   .6817472   .0489152    13.94   0.000     .5857592    .7777353
       _cons |   3.003225    .622421     4.83   0.000     1.781826    4.224625
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .80245057
     sigma_e |  1.7988444
         rho |  .16597047   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(55, 1001) =     1.96            Prob > F = 0.0001
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doctors         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Physicians (per 1,000
                                                people)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |    2003    1.369389   1.376946   .0038389   9.814035

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2003
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       174

R-sq:  within  = 0.0001                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2668                                        avg =      11.5
       overall = 0.1137                                        max =        43

                                                F(1,1828)          =      0.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4151                         Prob > F           =    0.6045

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0452455   .0873534     0.52   0.605    -.1260774    .2165684
       _cons |   1.341509   .0572781    23.42   0.000     1.229172    1.453846
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .90738276
     sigma_e |  .87634731
         rho |  .51739392   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(173, 1828) =    14.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       912
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       119

R-sq:  within  = 0.2839                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7184                                        avg =       7.7
       overall = 0.5719                                        max =        29

                                                F(3,790)           =    104.40
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5516                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .9030044   .0650082    13.89   0.000     .7753951    1.030614
        lpop |   .0776588   .0102446     7.58   0.000      .057549    .0977686
       incWB |   .2344784    .017584    13.33   0.000     .1999615    .2689952
       _cons |  -.4076167   .1078509    -3.78   0.000    -.6193249   -.1959084
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .51688943
     sigma_e |  .44937323
         rho |  .56953405   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(118, 790) =     7.60            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1514
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0724                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6257                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.3376                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1343)          =     34.94
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5265                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .6058492   .0908416     6.67   0.000     .4276423    .7840561
     lpop_WB |   .0745418   .0123348     6.04   0.000     .0503443    .0987392
       incWB |   .1416914   .0211102     6.71   0.000     .1002789    .1831038
       _cons |  -.3316208     .21111    -1.57   0.116     -.745762    .0825203
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .71877083
     sigma_e |  .77013069
         rho |  .46554587   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1343) =     7.95           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       912
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       119

R-sq:  within  = 0.2803                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7160                                        avg =       7.7
       overall = 0.5683                                        max =        29

                                                F(3,790)           =    102.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5519                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .8838044   .0644601    13.71   0.000     .7572711    1.010338
        lpop |   .0766452    .010262     7.47   0.000     .0565011    .0967893
       incWB |   .2293716   .0175445    13.07   0.000     .1949322     .263811
       _cons |  -.3799334   .1073967    -3.54   0.000      -.59075   -.1691169
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .51885006
     sigma_e |  .45051158
         rho |  .57014978   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(118, 790) =     7.64            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1514
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0727                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6251                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.3391                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1343)          =     35.08
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5280                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .6047492   .0902619     6.70   0.000     .4276796    .7818188
     lpop_WB |    .074158   .0123278     6.02   0.000     .0499741    .0983418
       incWB |   .1403483   .0210786     6.66   0.000     .0989978    .1816988
       _cons |  -.3213562   .2103896    -1.53   0.127    -.7340842    .0913718
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .71788728
     sigma_e |  .77001699
         rho |  .46500729   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1343) =     7.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1556
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0009                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4023                                        avg =       9.3
       overall = 0.1990                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,1387)          =      1.24
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5241                         Prob > F           =    0.2652

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    .076444   .0685875     1.11   0.265    -.0581025    .2109904
       _cons |   1.198275   .0436462    27.45   0.000     1.112655    1.283894
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .8248366
     sigma_e |  .76851966
         rho |  .53530075   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1387) =    11.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       953
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       118

R-sq:  within  = 0.0805                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3653                                        avg =       8.1
       overall = 0.2795                                        max =        35

                                                F(2,833)           =     36.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4291                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .4466425   .0550259     8.12   0.000     .3386368    .5546481
        lpop |   .0417905   .0120543     3.47   0.001     .0181302    .0654509
       _cons |   .2410597   .1175839     2.05   0.041     .0102641    .4718552
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6635779
     sigma_e |  .49846131
         rho |  .63928002   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(117, 833) =    13.44            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       117

R-sq:  within  = 0.2910                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7139                                        avg =       7.4
       overall = 0.5878                                        max =        29

                                                F(3,748)           =    102.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5465                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .6696109   .0545066    12.28   0.000     .5626069     .776615
        lpop |   .0849872   .0116394     7.30   0.000     .0621374    .1078369
    demincWB |    .256914   .0176834    14.53   0.000     .2221989     .291629
       _cons |  -.2686145   .1157712    -2.32   0.021    -.4958897   -.0413393
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .50858722
     sigma_e |  .45299613
         rho |  .55761945   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(116, 748) =     7.03            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1387
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       163

R-sq:  within  = 0.0523                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6093                                        avg =       8.5
       overall = 0.2990                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1221)          =     22.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5063                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Doctors |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    .225909   .0752823     3.00   0.003      .078212    .3736059
     lpop_WB |   .0459045   .0146745     3.13   0.002     .0171145    .0746945
    demincWB |   .1543695   .0203481     7.59   0.000     .1144483    .1942907
       _cons |   .4003449   .2442762     1.64   0.101    -.0789026    .8795924
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .72266308
     sigma_e |  .76026207
         rho |  .47466168   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(162, 1221) =     7.99           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
InfMort         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Mortality rate, infant
                                                (per 1,000 live births)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |    3825    57.15165   51.84802        2.6        263

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3825
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       253

R-sq:  within  = 0.1471                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3987                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.2894                                        max =        47

                                                F(1,3571)          =    615.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3861                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -44.52803   1.794114   -24.82   0.000    -48.04562   -41.01044
       _cons |   85.05588   1.205941    70.53   0.000     82.69148    87.42028
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  34.055026
     sigma_e |  26.973697
         rho |  .61449126   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(252, 3571) =    25.67           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1981
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.4601                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7411                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.6757                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1782)          =    506.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5170                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -63.36741   2.107255   -30.07   0.000    -67.50036   -59.23445
        lpop |   1.003157   .3155495     3.18   0.002     .3842708    1.622043
       incWB |  -16.54041   .5695705   -29.04   0.000     -17.6575   -15.42331
       _cons |   97.34677   3.437241    28.32   0.000     90.60533    104.0882
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.731075
     sigma_e |  21.896032
         rho |  .51870501   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 1782) =     8.42           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2898
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       245

R-sq:  within  = 0.4247                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6995                                        avg =      11.8
       overall = 0.6045                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2650)          =    652.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5041                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -54.06883   1.685036   -32.09   0.000    -57.37295   -50.76471
     lpop_WB |   1.502366   .2295521     6.54   0.000     1.052247    1.952486
       incWB |  -13.30785   .4078114   -32.63   0.000    -14.10751   -12.50819
       _cons |   67.94625   3.933019    17.28   0.000     60.23416    75.65835
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  24.398282
     sigma_e |  20.601693
         rho |  .58377238   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(244, 2650) =    14.09           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1981
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.4539                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7476                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.6746                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1782)          =    493.65
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5241                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -62.02912   2.098594   -29.56   0.000    -66.14508   -57.91315
        lpop |   1.072503    .317075     3.38   0.001     .4506246    1.694381
       incWB |  -16.31786   .5714077   -28.56   0.000    -17.43856   -15.19716
       _cons |    95.3591   3.431894    27.79   0.000     88.62814    102.0901
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.637269
     sigma_e |  22.021924
         rho |  .51377606   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 1782) =     8.26           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2898
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       245

R-sq:  within  = 0.4205                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7061                                        avg =      11.8
       overall = 0.6047                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2650)          =    640.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5083                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -53.21219   1.680038   -31.67   0.000    -56.50651   -49.91787
     lpop_WB |   1.557513   .2302252     6.77   0.000     1.106074    2.008952
       incWB |  -13.20049   .4088302   -32.29   0.000    -14.00215   -12.39883
       _cons |   66.15514   3.930827    16.83   0.000     58.44734    73.86294
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  24.287622
     sigma_e |   20.67607
         rho |  .57980664   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(244, 2650) =    13.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3045
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       244

R-sq:  within  = 0.1358                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3190                                        avg =      12.5
       overall = 0.3207                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2800)          =    440.04
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4352                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -32.92714   1.569671   -20.98   0.000    -36.00497   -29.84932
       _cons |   76.32492   1.024717    74.48   0.000     74.31564    78.33419
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  36.718653
     sigma_e |  27.228688
         rho |   .6452049   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(243, 2800) =    19.67           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2058
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.1830                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4221                                        avg =      10.7
       overall = 0.3424                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,1864)          =    208.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4240                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -36.00175   1.965289   -18.32   0.000    -39.85615   -32.14735
        lpop |   2.420423   .4152417     5.83   0.000     1.606035     3.23481
       _cons |   62.34112   4.142526    15.05   0.000     54.21665     70.4656
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   33.65474
     sigma_e |  27.149843
         rho |  .60576987   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 1864) =    15.93           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1864
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.4759                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7489                                        avg =       9.7
       overall = 0.7013                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1669)          =    505.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5214                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -47.99559   1.726226   -27.80   0.000    -51.38138   -44.60979
        lpop |   .0148929     .35138     0.04   0.966     -.674299    .7040848
    demincWB |  -17.33635   .5711647   -30.35   0.000    -18.45663   -16.21608
       _cons |   94.08696    3.61417    26.03   0.000     86.99818    101.1757
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  23.016295
     sigma_e |  21.575788
         rho |  .53227042   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 1669) =     7.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2627
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       240

R-sq:  within  = 0.4249                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6628                                        avg =      10.9
       overall = 0.6101                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2384)          =    587.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5076                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     InfMort |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -37.91478   1.388176   -27.31   0.000    -40.63694   -35.19263
     lpop_WB |   .8015983   .2784392     2.88   0.004     .2555903    1.347606
    demincWB |   -13.7488   .4104895   -33.49   0.000    -14.55375   -12.94385
       _cons |   66.93109   4.640926    14.42   0.000     57.83042    76.03175
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  29.334018
     sigma_e |  20.562609
         rho |  .67052202   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(239, 2384) =    12.93           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LowBirth        float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Low-birthweight babies (%
                                                of births)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |     687    10.01994   6.693944         .3         60

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       687
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       157

R-sq:  within  = 0.0350                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0703                                        avg =       4.4
       overall = 0.0675                                        max =        21

                                                F(1,529)           =     19.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0870                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -4.767546    1.08811    -4.38   0.000    -6.905093   -2.629998
       _cons |   13.08901   .7385668    17.72   0.000     11.63812    14.53989
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.0169166
     sigma_e |  6.1377296
         rho |  .29987764   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(156, 529) =     1.49            Prob > F = 0.0007

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       426
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.1863                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4825                                        avg =       3.8
       overall = 0.3339                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,312)           =     23.81
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0231                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -8.218041   1.277437    -6.43   0.000    -10.73152    -5.70456
        lpop |   .0129163   .1702464     0.08   0.940    -.3220598    .3478924
       incWB |  -2.302176   .3294798    -6.99   0.000     -2.95046   -1.653893
       _cons |   16.11034   1.890046     8.52   0.000     12.39149    19.82919
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0923908
     sigma_e |  5.4643973
         rho |  .24257407   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 312) =     0.75            Prob > F = 0.9621

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       589
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       151

R-sq:  within  = 0.1886                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4281                                        avg =       3.9
       overall = 0.2965                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,435)           =     33.71
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0187                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -7.675527    1.21657    -6.31   0.000    -10.06661   -5.284442
     lpop_WB |   .2282421   .1473858     1.55   0.122    -.0614347     .517919
       incWB |  -2.441936   .2800635    -8.72   0.000    -2.992382    -1.89149
       _cons |   12.25548   2.554381     4.80   0.000     7.235015    17.27594
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0710167
     sigma_e |  5.7583298
         rho |   .2214429   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(150, 435) =     0.83            Prob > F = 0.9176

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       426
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.1815                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4749                                        avg =       3.8
       overall = 0.3288                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,312)           =     23.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0102                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -7.983243   1.273163    -6.27   0.000    -10.48831   -5.478173
        lpop |   .0216061   .1706417     0.13   0.899    -.3141479    .3573601
       incWB |  -2.261784   .3292674    -6.87   0.000     -2.90965   -1.613919
       _cons |   15.81523   1.883006     8.40   0.000     12.11023    19.52022
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.1141581
     sigma_e |  5.4804598
         rho |  .24407616   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 312) =     0.75            Prob > F = 0.9590

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       589
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       151

R-sq:  within  = 0.1859                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4253                                        avg =       3.9
       overall = 0.2945                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,435)           =     33.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0104                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -7.490735   1.211909    -6.18   0.000     -9.87266   -5.108809
     lpop_WB |   .2399695   .1475287     1.63   0.105    -.0499881    .5299271
       incWB |  -2.426833    .280263    -8.66   0.000    -2.977672   -1.875995
       _cons |   11.89706   2.543611     4.68   0.000     6.897765    16.89636
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0745061
     sigma_e |  5.7680654
         rho |  .22125204   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(150, 435) =     0.82            Prob > F = 0.9206

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       591
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       153

R-sq:  within  = 0.0125                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0467                                        avg =       3.9
       overall = 0.0455                                        max =        19

                                                F(1,437)           =      5.53
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1411                         Prob > F           =    0.0192

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.203506   .9372993    -2.35   0.019    -4.045681   -.3613313
       _cons |   11.18439   .6036765    18.53   0.000     9.997916    12.37086
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.9793446
     sigma_e |  6.1336373
         rho |  .29622455   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(152, 437) =     1.49            Prob > F = 0.0009

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       424
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.0175                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0890                                        avg =       3.8
       overall = 0.0769                                        max =        19

                                                F(2,311)           =      2.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2087                         Prob > F           =    0.0638

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.450628   1.044753    -2.35   0.020    -4.506305   -.3949508
        lpop |   .0093076   .2151536     0.04   0.966    -.4140332    .4326484
       _cons |   11.19662   2.138862     5.23   0.000      6.98815    15.40509
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.2002517
     sigma_e |  5.7872768
         rho |  .34501266   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 311) =     1.58            Prob > F = 0.0012

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       403
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.2210                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5605                                        avg =       3.6
       overall = 0.3828                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,289)           =     27.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0259                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -4.230313   1.008639    -4.19   0.000    -6.215523   -2.245104
        lpop |  -.2970152   .2045532    -1.45   0.148     -.699618    .1055877
    demincWB |  -2.811096   .3269097    -8.60   0.000    -3.454522    -2.16767
       _cons |   16.29055   2.074087     7.85   0.000     12.20832    20.37278
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.9243961
     sigma_e |  5.2649616
         rho |  .23577726   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 289) =     0.80            Prob > F = 0.9108

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       542
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       150

R-sq:  within  = 0.2111                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4570                                        avg =       3.6
       overall = 0.3305                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,389)           =     34.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0098                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    LowBirth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -3.78016   .9630753    -3.93   0.000    -5.673644   -1.886676
     lpop_WB |   .0033135   .1871281     0.02   0.986    -.3645954    .3712225
    demincWB |  -2.706135   .2754277    -9.83   0.000    -3.247648   -2.164622
       _cons |   13.02637   3.092751     4.21   0.000     6.945772    19.10697
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.1003133
     sigma_e |  5.6688647
         rho |  .23023737   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(149, 389) =     0.84            Prob > F = 0.8887
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LifeExp         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Life expectancy at birth,
                                                total (years)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |    3193    61.70014   11.99452   31.21951   80.63097

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3193
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       195

R-sq:  within  = 0.1911                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4691                                        avg =      16.4
       overall = 0.2833                                        max =        47

                                                F(1,2997)          =    707.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3451                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   11.30745   .4249734    26.61   0.000     10.47418    12.14071
       _cons |   55.04865   .2695658   204.21   0.000     54.52009     55.5772
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.514298
     sigma_e |  5.6992179
         rho |  .63482143   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(194, 2997) =    36.78           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1510
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.4877                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8038                                        avg =      10.3
       overall = 0.6914                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1361)          =    431.93
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5665                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   14.99332   .4983605    30.09   0.000     14.01569    15.97096
        lpop |   -.094654   .0781098    -1.21   0.226    -.2478826    .0585746
       incWB |   3.473277    .133782    25.96   0.000     3.210836    3.735718
       _cons |   51.85692    .815075    63.62   0.000     50.25798    53.45586
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.2735319
     sigma_e |  4.5888598
         rho |  .56908955   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 1361) =    11.18           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2285
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       181

R-sq:  within  = 0.4908                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7641                                        avg =      12.6
       overall = 0.6542                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2101)          =    675.05
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5577                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   14.12955   .4025232    35.10   0.000     13.34016    14.91893
     lpop_WB |  -.2525775   .0567826    -4.45   0.000    -.3639335   -.1412216
       incWB |   3.135518    .096591    32.46   0.000     2.946094    3.324942
       _cons |   57.22668   .9612834    59.53   0.000     55.34152    59.11185
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.6685706
     sigma_e |  4.4135263
         rho |  .62258294   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(180, 2101) =    18.47           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1510
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.4799                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8141                                        avg =      10.3
       overall = 0.6876                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1361)          =    418.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5696                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   14.66091   .4968029    29.51   0.000     13.68633    15.63549
        lpop |  -.1142898   .0786273    -1.45   0.146    -.2685336    .0399539
       incWB |   3.407497   .1343201    25.37   0.000        3.144    3.670994
       _cons |   52.35704   .8151784    64.23   0.000      50.7579    53.95619
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.2437856
     sigma_e |  4.6239402
         rho |  .56256854   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 1361) =    11.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2285
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       181

R-sq:  within  = 0.4858                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7759                                        avg =      12.6
       overall = 0.6529                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2101)          =    661.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5595                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    13.9256    .402025    34.64   0.000     13.13719    14.71401
     lpop_WB |  -.2680421   .0570186    -4.70   0.000    -.3798608   -.1562234
       incWB |   3.102584   .0969139    32.01   0.000     2.912527    3.292641
       _cons |     57.696   .9621005    59.97   0.000     55.80923    59.58276
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.6177711
     sigma_e |  4.4350986
         rho |  .61603924   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(180, 2101) =    18.26           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2433
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       190

R-sq:  within  = 0.1670                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3864                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.3192                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2242)          =    449.49
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4030                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    8.19515   .3865425    21.20   0.000     7.437132    8.953169
       _cons |   57.15262   .2345964   243.62   0.000     56.69257    57.61267
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.2681588
     sigma_e |  5.7767206
         rho |  .67197942   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(189, 2242) =    27.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1604
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.2057                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4582                                        avg =      10.9
       overall = 0.3334                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,1455)          =    188.39
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3976                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   8.525245    .462928    18.42   0.000     7.617168    9.433323
        lpop |  -.3654782   .1003899    -3.64   0.000    -.5624026   -.1685538
       _cons |   58.80963   .9753702    60.29   0.000     56.89634    60.72291
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.9843982
     sigma_e |  5.5964209
         rho |  .67056118   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 1455) =    22.23           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1419
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       145

R-sq:  within  = 0.5240                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7800                                        avg =       9.8
       overall = 0.7333                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1271)          =    466.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5880                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   11.82791    .402177    29.41   0.000     11.03891    12.61692
        lpop |   .0608956   .0831396     0.73   0.464    -.1022104    .2240016
    demincWB |   3.652721    .128365    28.46   0.000      3.40089    3.904551
       _cons |   53.25622   .8225704    64.74   0.000     51.64248    54.86997
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.2233928
     sigma_e |  4.3490646
         rho |  .59058221   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(144, 1271) =    10.06           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2068
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       183

R-sq:  within  = 0.5092                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7305                                        avg =      11.3
       overall = 0.6776                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1882)          =    650.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5800                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     LifeExp |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   10.15335   .3253344    31.21   0.000     9.515295     10.7914
     lpop_WB |  -.0799843   .0656515    -1.22   0.223    -.2087416    .0487731
    demincWB |   3.230583   .0925132    34.92   0.000     3.049144    3.412023
       _cons |   57.60639   1.079158    53.38   0.000     55.48992    59.72286
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   6.168792
     sigma_e |  4.2059692
         rho |  .68265423   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(182, 1882) =    17.49           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEASLES   byte   %9.0g                  WBDI:Immunization, measles (%
                                                of children under 12 months)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |    2795    68.47263   25.95811          1        100

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2795
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       154

R-sq:  within  = 0.0245                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2031                                        avg =      18.1
       overall = 0.0995                                        max =        46

                                                F(1,2640)          =     66.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2710                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   12.85857   1.580767     8.13   0.000     9.758901    15.95824
       _cons |    60.8196   1.009427    60.25   0.000     58.84025    62.79894
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  20.533543
     sigma_e |  19.337654
         rho |  .52996684   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(153, 2640) =    12.38           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       103

R-sq:  within  = 0.1319                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2110                                        avg =      11.6
       overall = 0.1765                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1084)          =     54.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0042                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   22.33986   2.580345     8.66   0.000     17.27683     27.4029
        lpop |  -.8512363   .3529036    -2.41   0.016    -1.543688   -.1587849
       incWB |   7.088865   .6654078    10.65   0.000     5.783232    8.394498
       _cons |   52.95767   3.787898    13.98   0.000     45.52523    60.39011
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.916273
     sigma_e |  20.287995
         rho |  .43815832   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(102, 1084) =     5.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2415
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       152

R-sq:  within  = 0.1020                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2345                                        avg =      15.9
       overall = 0.1797                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2260)          =     85.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1943                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   18.91752   1.683911    11.23   0.000     15.61535     22.2197
     lpop_WB |  -.9931701   .2028877    -4.90   0.000    -1.391036   -.5953044
       incWB |   4.399478   .3771871    11.66   0.000     3.659809    5.139148
       _cons |   72.70736   3.463363    20.99   0.000     65.91565    79.49906
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.966539
     sigma_e |  17.914808
         rho |  .52849344   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(151, 2260) =    10.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       103

R-sq:  within  = 0.1322                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2190                                        avg =      11.6
       overall = 0.1779                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1084)          =     55.03
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0094                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   22.15248   2.552619     8.68   0.000     17.14384    27.16111
        lpop |  -.8835717    .352188    -2.51   0.012    -1.574619   -.1925244
       incWB |   7.033284   .6631427    10.61   0.000     5.732095    8.334473
       _cons |    53.4991   3.749864    14.27   0.000     46.14129    60.85692
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  17.847741
     sigma_e |  20.284865
         rho |  .43634818   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(102, 1084) =     5.06           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2415
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       152

R-sq:  within  = 0.1033                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2422                                        avg =      15.9
       overall = 0.1827                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2260)          =     86.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1971                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   19.04627   1.671525    11.39   0.000     15.76839    22.32415
     lpop_WB |  -1.011197   .2025072    -4.99   0.000    -1.408317    -.614078
       incWB |   4.388429   .3763353    11.66   0.000      3.65043    5.126428
       _cons |   73.01094   3.441818    21.21   0.000     66.26149     79.7604
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.908403
     sigma_e |  17.901209
         rho |  .52734179   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(151, 2260) =    10.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2282
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       154

R-sq:  within  = 0.0001                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0773                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0692                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,2127)          =      0.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3630                         Prob > F           =    0.6500

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .6304544   1.389064     0.45   0.650    -2.093612     3.35452
       _cons |   67.52934    .843494    80.06   0.000     65.87518     69.1835
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  21.721822
     sigma_e |  19.202165
         rho |  .56133669   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(153, 2127) =    11.66           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1169
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       100

R-sq:  within  = 0.0028                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0480                                        avg =      11.7
       overall = 0.0139                                        max =        36

                                                F(2,1067)          =      1.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1208                         Prob > F           =    0.2297

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.654597   2.235347     0.74   0.459    -2.731578    6.040772
        lpop |  -.6681136   .4489069    -1.49   0.137    -1.548954     .212727
       _cons |    63.7583   4.377094    14.57   0.000     55.16961    72.34699
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.472155
     sigma_e |  22.218979
         rho |  .43439967   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(99, 1067) =     5.28            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1083
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       100

R-sq:  within  = 0.1036                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1403                                        avg =      10.8
       overall = 0.1481                                        max =        35

                                                F(3,980)           =     37.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0091                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   9.898005   2.253846     4.39   0.000     5.475086    14.32093
        lpop |    -.03839   .4352507    -0.09   0.930    -.8925206    .8157405
    demincWB |   7.036937   .6900312    10.20   0.000     5.682828    8.391046
       _cons |   53.67227   4.326862    12.40   0.000     45.18129    62.16325
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.027106
     sigma_e |  20.420878
         rho |  .43798041   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(99, 980) =     5.01             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2057
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.0501                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1129                                        avg =      13.9
       overall = 0.1081                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1906)          =     33.50
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1772                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneMEAS~S |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    5.73072   1.445387     3.96   0.000     2.896014    8.565426
     lpop_WB |  -.3181347   .2680264    -1.19   0.235    -.8437905    .2075212
    demincWB |   3.703902   .3894966     9.51   0.000     2.940018    4.467786
       _cons |   70.69827   4.372931    16.17   0.000     62.12203     79.2745
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  20.281413
     sigma_e |   17.94002
         rho |  .56102961   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 1906) =    10.53           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImmuneDPT       byte   %9.0g                  WBDI:Immunization, DPT (% of
                                                children under 12 months)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |    2981    69.93391   26.67574          0        100

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2981
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       157

R-sq:  within  = 0.0658                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1877                                        avg =      19.0
       overall = 0.1468                                        max =        46

                                                F(1,2823)          =    198.69
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2466                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    21.5139   1.526279    14.10   0.000     18.52117    24.50664
       _cons |   57.07321   .9784962    58.33   0.000     55.15457    58.99185
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.011522
     sigma_e |  19.303728
         rho |  .46541205   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(156, 2823) =    13.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1317
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       107

R-sq:  within  = 0.2075                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3417                                        avg =      12.3
       overall = 0.3017                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1207)          =    105.34
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1208                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   31.89262   2.363008    13.50   0.000     27.25656    36.52868
        lpop |  -1.407793   .3181283    -4.43   0.000    -2.031939   -.7836474
       incWB |   7.333743   .5907728    12.41   0.000     6.174687    8.492798
       _cons |   54.59397   3.441974    15.86   0.000     47.84106    61.34689
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.712513
     sigma_e |  19.481859
         rho |  .39411376   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(106, 1207) =     5.23           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2564
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       157

R-sq:  within  = 0.1740                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2751                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2658                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2404)          =    168.84
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2136                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   27.28816   1.603787    17.01   0.000     24.14321    30.43311
     lpop_WB |  -1.448144   .1913896    -7.57   0.000     -1.82345   -1.072838
       incWB |   5.072905   .3555984    14.27   0.000     4.375594    5.770216
       _cons |   75.83032   3.277471    23.14   0.000     69.40336    82.25728
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  16.907114
     sigma_e |  17.533937
         rho |  .48180615   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(156, 2404) =    10.30           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1317
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       107

R-sq:  within  = 0.2071                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3525                                        avg =      12.3
       overall = 0.3022                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1207)          =    105.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1270                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   31.48392   2.337362    13.47   0.000     26.89818    36.06967
        lpop |  -1.451692   .3176319    -4.57   0.000    -2.074864   -.8285202
       incWB |   7.236911   .5888629    12.29   0.000     6.081602     8.39222
       _cons |   55.43732   3.408948    16.26   0.000      48.7492    62.12544
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.621767
     sigma_e |  19.486923
         rho |  .39122718   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(106, 1207) =     5.20           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2564
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       157

R-sq:  within  = 0.1754                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2807                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2683                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2404)          =    170.48
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2159                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   27.26602   1.590035    17.15   0.000     24.14804      30.384
     lpop_WB |   -1.47915    .190974    -7.75   0.000     -1.85364   -1.104659
       incWB |   5.039694   .3546601    14.21   0.000     4.344223    5.735165
       _cons |   76.48325   3.254439    23.50   0.000     70.10146    82.86505
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  16.855354
     sigma_e |  17.519141
         rho |  .48069673   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(156, 2404) =    10.25           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2403
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       156

R-sq:  within  = 0.0135                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0518                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.1042                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,2246)          =     30.66
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3244                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   7.561723   1.365627     5.54   0.000     4.883699    10.23975
       _cons |   65.16811   .8332989    78.20   0.000       63.534    66.80223
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  20.433871
     sigma_e |  19.606718
         rho |  .52064906   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(155, 2246) =    11.51           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1285
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       104

R-sq:  within  = 0.0424                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1173                                        avg =      12.4
       overall = 0.1075                                        max =        37

                                                F(2,1179)          =     26.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2422                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   11.37529    2.06852     5.50   0.000     7.316901    15.43368
        lpop |  -1.763424   .4197656    -4.20   0.000    -2.586995   -.9398531
       _cons |   71.24098    4.10624    17.35   0.000     63.18463    79.29733
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.490505
     sigma_e |  21.913546
         rho |   .4416779   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(103, 1179) =     6.38           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1188
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       104

R-sq:  within  = 0.1634                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3030                                        avg =      11.4
       overall = 0.2873                                        max =        34

                                                F(3,1081)          =     70.39
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1749                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   19.23865   2.060399     9.34   0.000     15.19582    23.28149
        lpop |  -.8791036    .400124    -2.20   0.028    -1.664211    -.093996
    demincWB |   7.294796   .6146133    11.87   0.000     6.088826    8.500766
       _cons |   59.20703    3.98799    14.85   0.000     51.38195    67.03211
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  16.624588
     sigma_e |   19.80647
         rho |   .4133214   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(103, 1081) =     4.74           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2168
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       152

R-sq:  within  = 0.1022                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2224                                        avg =      14.3
       overall = 0.2195                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2013)          =     76.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2737                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ImmuneDPT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    13.2105   1.391189     9.50   0.000     10.48218    15.93882
     lpop_WB |  -.9094215   .2589407    -3.51   0.000    -1.417241   -.4016018
    demincWB |   4.650303   .3755053    12.38   0.000     3.913884    5.386723
       _cons |   77.47552   4.228162    18.32   0.000     69.18349    85.76755
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.416022
     sigma_e |    17.9037
         rho |  .51410307   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(151, 2013) =     9.47           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Birthrate       float  %9.0g                  WBDI: Birth rate, crude (per
                                                1,000 people)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |    4031    28.10232   13.09134          0       57.2

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4031
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       261

R-sq:  within  = 0.1509                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3696                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.3234                                        max =        47

                                                F(1,3769)          =    669.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4461                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -9.899402    .382498   -25.88   0.000    -10.64933   -9.149479
       _cons |   34.31063   .2568523   133.58   0.000     33.80705    34.81421
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.2882889
     sigma_e |  5.8296402
         rho |  .66902454   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(260, 3769) =    38.39           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2038
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       201

R-sq:  within  = 0.3971                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7137                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.7059                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1834)          =    402.61
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6834                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -12.69025   .4650657   -27.29   0.000    -13.60236   -11.77814
        lpop |  -.3399008   .0677918    -5.01   0.000     -.472858   -.2069436
       incWB |  -3.389658   .1239322   -27.35   0.000    -3.632721   -3.146595
       _cons |   41.39309   .7346635    56.34   0.000     39.95222    42.83395
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.1798165
     sigma_e |  4.8643785
         rho |  .68539334   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(200, 1834) =    12.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2972
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       249

R-sq:  within  = 0.3486                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6676                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.6218                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2720)          =    485.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6276                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -11.68266   .4036537   -28.94   0.000    -12.47416   -10.89117
     lpop_WB |  -.3418045    .053952    -6.34   0.000    -.4475955   -.2360134
       incWB |  -2.811282   .0967999   -29.04   0.000    -3.001091   -2.621473
       _cons |   41.00332   .9232198    44.41   0.000     39.19304     42.8136
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.3268688
     sigma_e |  4.9504017
         rho |  .68657579   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(248, 2720) =    19.99           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2038
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       201

R-sq:  within  = 0.3903                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7260                                        avg =      10.1
       overall = 0.7060                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,1834)          =    391.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6889                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -12.40447   .4635699   -26.76   0.000    -13.31366   -11.49529
        lpop |  -.3237903   .0681033    -4.75   0.000    -.4573585   -.1902222
       incWB |   -3.34189   .1243066   -26.88   0.000    -3.585687   -3.098093
       _cons |   40.96044   .7329948    55.88   0.000     39.52285    42.39803
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.1352132
     sigma_e |  4.8915418
         rho |  .68028224   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(200, 1834) =    12.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2972
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       249

R-sq:  within  = 0.3473                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6789                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.6253                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,2720)          =    482.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6327                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -11.57736   .4018042   -28.81   0.000    -12.36523   -10.78949
     lpop_WB |  -.3295146   .0539696    -6.11   0.000    -.4353402    -.223689
       incWB |  -2.790611   .0967998   -28.83   0.000    -2.980419   -2.600802
       _cons |   40.66489   .9200637    44.20   0.000     38.86079    42.46898
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.2698158
     sigma_e |  4.9555876
         rho |  .68274821   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(248, 2720) =    19.63           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3079
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       238

R-sq:  within  = 0.1122                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4774                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.3403                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2840)          =    358.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4959                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -6.327641   .3340548   -18.94   0.000    -6.982656   -5.672626
       _cons |   31.63376   .2197191   143.97   0.000     31.20294    32.06459
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   9.638388
     sigma_e |  5.8417783
         rho |  .73134107   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(237, 2840) =    34.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2085
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       190

R-sq:  within  = 0.1094                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5767                                        avg =      11.0
       overall = 0.4014                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,1893)          =    116.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5613                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -6.233991    .413127   -15.09   0.000    -7.044223   -5.423759
        lpop |   -.032093   .0868641    -0.37   0.712    -.2024524    .1382664
       _cons |   33.62903   .8675569    38.76   0.000     31.92757     35.3305
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  9.4787041
     sigma_e |  5.7189564
         rho |   .7331224   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(189, 1893) =    26.47           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1895
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       190

R-sq:  within  = 0.4277                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7066                                        avg =      10.0
       overall = 0.7267                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1702)          =    423.91
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6822                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -9.021969   .3718476   -24.26   0.000    -9.751296   -8.292643
        lpop |  -.5815624   .0749243    -7.76   0.000    -.7285159   -.4346089
    demincWB |   -3.66728    .120114   -30.53   0.000    -3.902867   -3.431694
       _cons |   40.86955   .7700941    53.07   0.000     39.35912    42.37999
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.3992933
     sigma_e |  4.6563258
         rho |  .71632721   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(189, 1702) =    12.56           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2664
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       236

R-sq:  within  = 0.3649                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6647                                        avg =      11.3
       overall = 0.6237                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2425)          =    464.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6197                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Birthrate |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7.828194   .3209506   -24.39   0.000    -8.457559   -7.198828
     lpop_WB |  -.4789453   .0639053    -7.49   0.000    -.6042599   -.3536307
    demincWB |  -2.922354   .0939026   -31.12   0.000    -3.106492   -2.738217
       _cons |   40.28165   1.065354    37.81   0.000     38.19255    42.37074
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.1587069
     sigma_e |  4.7816685
         rho |  .74432911   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(235, 2425) =    21.16           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GXPDSSEC        float  %9.0g                  ACLP: Central government
                                                expenditure on social security
                                                and welfare as a share o

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |    1238    5.883279   6.926511   .0014034   28.72744

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1238
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0213                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5574                                        avg =       9.9
       overall = 0.2886                                        max =        22

                                                F(1,1112)          =     24.24
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5436                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.102693   .4270581     4.92   0.000     1.264763    2.940624
       _cons |   4.504554   .2987929    15.08   0.000     3.918292    5.090815
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.7294121
     sigma_e |  3.6677364
         rho |  .62444362   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1112) =    16.34           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1163
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1137                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6566                                        avg =       9.3
       overall = 0.5153                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1035)          =     44.25
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6363                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.853799   .4632876     8.32   0.000     2.944709    4.762889
        lpop |   .1795412   .0662008     2.71   0.007     .0496382    .3094442
       incWB |   1.344407   .1336697    10.06   0.000     1.082112    1.606701
       _cons |   1.557559   .7168418     2.17   0.030     .1509302    2.964188
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   3.822372
     sigma_e |  3.6087804
         rho |    .528719   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1035) =     8.10           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1163
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1135                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6569                                        avg =       9.3
       overall = 0.5152                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1035)          =     44.18
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6365                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.848839   .4631876     8.31   0.000     2.939945    4.757733
     lpop_WB |   .1773133    .066233     2.68   0.008      .047347    .3072796
       incWB |   1.343288   .1336746    10.05   0.000     1.080984    1.605592
       _cons |   .3557282   1.141797     0.31   0.755    -1.884773     2.59623
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.8233032
     sigma_e |  3.6091065
         rho |  .52879537   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1035) =     8.10           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1163
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1113                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6529                                        avg =       9.3
       overall = 0.5120                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1035)          =     43.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6365                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.734936   .4589877     8.14   0.000     2.834283    4.635589
        lpop |   .1780863   .0662968     2.69   0.007     .0479948    .3081778
       incWB |   1.319864   .1331844     9.91   0.000     1.058522    1.581206
       _cons |   1.675255   .7144597     2.34   0.019     .2732999    3.077209
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.8401841
     sigma_e |  3.6136585
         rho |   .5303624   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1035) =     8.16           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1163
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1111                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6532                                        avg =       9.3
       overall = 0.5119                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1035)          =     43.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6366                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.730084    .458888     8.13   0.000     2.829627    4.630541
     lpop_WB |   .1758858    .066329     2.65   0.008     .0457311    .3060405
       incWB |   1.318777   .1331898     9.90   0.000     1.057424     1.58013
       _cons |   .4829383   1.140998     0.42   0.672    -1.755995    2.721872
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.8410977
     sigma_e |  3.6139776
         rho |  .53043691   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1035) =     8.16           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1149
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0265                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5169                                        avg =       9.2
       overall = 0.3171                                        max =        21

                                                F(1,1023)          =     27.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5646                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.037121   .3863279     5.27   0.000     1.279035    2.795206
       _cons |   4.714814   .2523364    18.68   0.000     4.219658    5.209971
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.6657528
     sigma_e |   3.736328
         rho |  .60928119   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1023) =    14.01           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1129
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0290                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4436                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.3015                                        max =        21

                                                F(2,1002)          =     14.97
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5401                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.191042   .4011607     5.46   0.000      1.40383    2.978253
        lpop |   .1316663   .0825911     1.59   0.111     -.030405    .2937376
       _cons |    3.27718   .8396962     3.90   0.000     1.629415    4.924944
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.6495088
     sigma_e |  3.7689999
         rho |  .60346023   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1002) =    13.30           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1075
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1394                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6814                                        avg =       8.6
       overall = 0.5683                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,947)           =     51.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6526                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |     3.6501    .413169     8.83   0.000     2.839268    4.460933
        lpop |   .2314444   .0815311     2.84   0.005     .0714419     .391447
    demincWB |   1.507919   .1361924    11.07   0.000     1.240645    1.775193
       _cons |   1.421947   .8468683     1.68   0.093    -.2400083    3.083903
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.5329442
     sigma_e |  3.6416422
         rho |  .48485306   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 947) =     5.95            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1075
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.1391                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6820                                        avg =       8.6
       overall = 0.5682                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,947)           =     51.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.6531                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    GXPDSSEC |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    3.64453   .4131272     8.82   0.000     2.833779     4.45528
     lpop_WB |   .2281922   .0816406     2.80   0.005     .0679747    .3884096
    demincWB |   1.505792   .1361538    11.06   0.000     1.238594     1.77299
       _cons |  -.1215626   1.393354    -0.09   0.930    -2.855982    2.612856
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.5343811
     sigma_e |   3.642111
         rho |  .48499188   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 947) =     5.94            Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sh_staa         byte   %9.0g                  % pop with access health care

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |     276    76.84058   26.57196         10        100

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       276
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        40

R-sq:  within  = 0.1170                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2272                                        avg =       6.9
       overall = 0.1640                                        max =        23

                                                F(1,235)           =     31.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1584                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   26.32766   4.717478     5.58   0.000     17.03371    35.62161
       _cons |   63.29519   2.683015    23.59   0.000     58.00936    68.58102
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.948146
     sigma_e |  18.998123
         rho |  .52437867   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(39, 235) =     5.51             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.2836                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5234                                        avg =       5.9
       overall = 0.4018                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,170)           =     22.43
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2397                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   29.43932   5.231722     5.63   0.000     19.11182    39.76683
        lpop |  -3.696479   .8555985    -4.32   0.000    -5.385445   -2.007513
       incWB |   4.027737   1.380506     2.92   0.004     1.302595    6.752878
       _cons |   92.85441    8.74637    10.62   0.000     75.58893    110.1199
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.506236
     sigma_e |   17.74698
         rho |  .40052612   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 170) =     2.00             Prob > F = 0.0021

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       228
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        36

R-sq:  within  = 0.2604                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5508                                        avg =       6.3
       overall = 0.3948                                        max =        21

                                                F(3,189)           =     22.18
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2835                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   29.04276   5.032511     5.77   0.000     19.11565    38.96986
     lpop_WB |  -3.366378   .7602911    -4.43   0.000    -4.866125   -1.866632
       incWB |   3.701575   1.314406     2.82   0.005     1.108784    6.294365
       _cons |   113.5762   12.68148     8.96   0.000     88.56076    138.5916
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.443836
     sigma_e |  17.948692
         rho |  .39305254   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(35, 189) =     1.95             Prob > F = 0.0025

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        35

R-sq:  within  = 0.2869                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5303                                        avg =       5.9
       overall = 0.4024                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,170)           =     22.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2351                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   29.41534   5.152437     5.71   0.000     19.24434    39.58633
        lpop |  -3.742017   .8517902    -4.39   0.000    -5.423465   -2.060569
       incWB |   3.982361   1.372869     2.90   0.004     1.272294    6.692428
       _cons |   93.51277   8.642142    10.82   0.000     76.45304    110.5725
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.404134
     sigma_e |  17.706252
         rho |   .3982397   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(34, 170) =     2.02             Prob > F = 0.0019

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       228
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        36

R-sq:  within  = 0.2638                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5518                                        avg =       6.3
       overall = 0.3935                                        max =        21

                                                F(3,189)           =     22.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2731                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   29.03588   4.954337     5.86   0.000     19.26298    38.80878
     lpop_WB |  -3.426032   .7568333    -4.53   0.000    -4.918957   -1.933106
       incWB |   3.645177   1.306951     2.79   0.006     1.067093    6.223261
       _cons |   114.7744   12.55847     9.14   0.000     90.00163    139.5472
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.386096
     sigma_e |  17.906732
         rho |  .39225836   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(35, 189) =     1.98             Prob > F = 0.0020

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       248
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        39

R-sq:  within  = 0.1094                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0918                                        avg =       6.4
       overall = 0.1300                                        max =        22

                                                F(1,208)           =     25.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0953                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   20.21208   3.999275     5.05   0.000     12.32777    28.09639
       _cons |   68.95756     2.0299    33.97   0.000     64.95574    72.95937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  20.335679
     sigma_e |  18.906671
         rho |  .53636672   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(38, 208) =     5.46             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       220
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        38

R-sq:  within  = 0.2190                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2360                                        avg =       5.8
       overall = 0.2154                                        max =        22

                                                F(2,180)           =     25.23
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1275                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   21.71104    4.15758     5.22   0.000     13.50717    29.91491
        lpop |  -3.461327   .8245336    -4.20   0.000    -5.088322   -1.834332
       _cons |   97.37762   7.824962    12.44   0.000     81.93717    112.8181
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.128448
     sigma_e |  18.144618
         rho |  .52637683   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(37, 180) =     5.05             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       199
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        36

R-sq:  within  = 0.3267                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4185                                        avg =       5.5
       overall = 0.4050                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,160)           =     25.88
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1652                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   27.76951   4.297294     6.46   0.000     19.28278    36.25625
        lpop |  -3.952534   .9171772    -4.31   0.000    -5.763868   -2.141199
    demincWB |   3.614276   1.359653     2.66   0.009     .9290951    6.299458
       _cons |   98.93103    8.80452    11.24   0.000     81.54297    116.3191
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.825722
     sigma_e |   16.99356
         rho |  .46446112   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(35, 160) =     2.19             Prob > F = 0.0006

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       212
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        37

R-sq:  within  = 0.2952                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4203                                        avg =       5.7
       overall = 0.3808                                        max =        19

                                                F(3,172)           =     24.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2016                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     sh_staa |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    25.3523   4.016306     6.31   0.000     17.42471     33.2799
     lpop_WB |  -3.796049   .8396396    -4.52   0.000    -5.453373   -2.138724
    demincWB |   3.392715   1.309992     2.59   0.010     .8069833    5.978446
       _cons |   125.6273   13.50946     9.30   0.000     98.96164     152.293
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.698082
     sigma_e |  17.206518
         rho |  .45425343   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(36, 172) =     2.19             Prob > F = 0.0005
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sh_med_b        int    %9.0g                  population per hospital bed

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |     574    739.7962   1118.133         37      13306

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       574
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       102

R-sq:  within  = 0.0508                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0006                                        avg =       5.6
       overall = 0.0382                                        max =        35

                                                F(1,471)           =     25.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0257                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -826.1538   164.6163    -5.02   0.000    -1149.627   -502.6805
       _cons |   1212.244   101.3429    11.96   0.000     1013.104    1411.384
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1466.6358
     sigma_e |  899.11807
         rho |  .72683514   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(101, 471) =     3.78            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       423
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        82

R-sq:  within  = 0.1611                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0023                                        avg =       5.2
       overall = 0.1800                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,338)           =     21.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1860                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -1238.429   174.2461    -7.11   0.000    -1581.172   -895.6858
        lpop |   26.71707   28.34761     0.94   0.347    -29.04289    82.47702
       incWB |  -222.5367   45.70851    -4.87   0.000    -312.4456   -132.6277
       _cons |   1176.739    303.677     3.87   0.000     579.4039    1774.073
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  684.79885
     sigma_e |  777.26519
         rho |  .43700825   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(81, 338) =     1.17             Prob > F = 0.1718

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       489
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        97

R-sq:  within  = 0.1680                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0487                                        avg =       5.0
       overall = 0.1626                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,389)           =     26.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0238                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -1198.658   171.7724    -6.98   0.000    -1536.376   -860.9392
     lpop_WB |   27.83941    25.6166     1.09   0.278    -22.52489    78.20371
       incWB |  -283.0962   42.95653    -6.59   0.000    -367.5522   -198.6402
       _cons |   987.5998   442.8802     2.23   0.026     116.8613    1858.338
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1446.3119
     sigma_e |  817.10557
         rho |  .75804805   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(96, 389) =     3.67             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       423
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        82

R-sq:  within  = 0.1524                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0019                                        avg =       5.2
       overall = 0.1747                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,338)           =     20.26
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1665                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -1183.505   173.4965    -6.82   0.000    -1524.774   -842.2363
        lpop |   32.13488   28.38354     1.13   0.258    -23.69575    87.96551
       incWB |   -211.816   45.61275    -4.64   0.000    -301.5366   -122.0954
       _cons |   1083.504   301.2452     3.60   0.000     490.9528    1676.056
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  683.78991
     sigma_e |  781.27903
         rho |    .433751   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(81, 338) =     1.15             Prob > F = 0.1976

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       489
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        97

R-sq:  within  = 0.1598                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0452                                        avg =       5.0
       overall = 0.1582                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,389)           =     24.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0126                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -1139.227   170.8599    -6.67   0.000    -1475.152   -803.3029
     lpop_WB |   32.38574   25.66944     1.26   0.208    -18.08246    82.85394
       incWB |  -273.1417    42.8926    -6.37   0.000    -357.4721   -188.8114
       _cons |   868.9579   441.0985     1.97   0.050      1.72249    1736.193
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1448.8951
     sigma_e |  821.09022
         rho |  .75691635   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(96, 389) =     3.63             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       504
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        95

R-sq:  within  = 0.0556                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0043                                        avg =       5.3
       overall = 0.0305                                        max =        29

                                                F(1,408)           =     24.03
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0823                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -698.401   142.4839    -4.90   0.000    -978.4951   -418.3068
       _cons |   1117.757   79.51425    14.06   0.000      961.448    1274.065
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1518.3025
     sigma_e |  918.73252
         rho |  .73198291   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(94, 408) =     3.75             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       444
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        84

R-sq:  within  = 0.0724                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0213                                        avg =       5.3
       overall = 0.0729                                        max =        29

                                                F(2,358)           =     13.97
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0510                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -616.3834   139.6854    -4.41   0.000    -891.0903   -341.6764
        lpop |   66.48854   29.78029     2.23   0.026     7.922243    125.0548
       _cons |   380.9605   297.7813     1.28   0.202    -204.6599    966.5808
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   681.7086
     sigma_e |  824.60864
         rho |    .405979   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(83, 358) =     1.39             Prob > F = 0.0218

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       407
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        81

R-sq:  within  = 0.1691                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0082                                        avg =       5.0
       overall = 0.1806                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,323)           =     21.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2813                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -949.1418   147.9753    -6.41   0.000    -1240.259   -658.0248
        lpop |   8.344794   30.65794     0.27   0.786    -51.96965    68.65924
    demincWB |  -283.6408   46.40026    -6.11   0.000    -374.9257   -192.3559
       _cons |   1089.768   312.0609     3.49   0.001      475.839    1703.696
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  699.36238
     sigma_e |  787.50298
         rho |  .44092811   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(80, 323) =     1.15             Prob > F = 0.2063

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       448
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        92

R-sq:  within  = 0.1921                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0479                                        avg =       4.9
       overall = 0.1676                                        max =        24

                                                F(3,353)           =     27.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0975                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_b |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -948.0413   147.4409    -6.43   0.000    -1238.014   -658.0683
     lpop_WB |   11.05702   29.77635     0.37   0.711    -47.50434    69.61838
    demincWB |  -341.4004   45.24063    -7.55   0.000    -430.3754   -252.4253
       _cons |   1039.408   500.2895     2.08   0.038     55.48544    2023.331
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1473.8913
     sigma_e |  839.63651
         rho |  .75498612   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(91, 353) =     3.58             Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sh_med_p        long   %9.0g                  Population per physician

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |     834    7308.038   12624.38          0      88123

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       834
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       117

R-sq:  within  = 0.0617                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1713                                        avg =       7.1
       overall = 0.1229                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,716)           =     47.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2009                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -9776.307   1425.096    -6.86   0.000    -12574.17   -6978.441
       _cons |   12846.77   879.4142    14.61   0.000     11120.23    14573.31
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6221.9257
     sigma_e |  10066.394
         rho |  .27642868   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(116, 716) =     3.73            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       635
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       102

R-sq:  within  = 0.1738                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5065                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.3561                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,530)           =     37.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2897                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -14160.49   1527.048    -9.27   0.000     -17160.3   -11160.68
        lpop |  -33.37525   264.8737    -0.13   0.900    -553.7064    486.9559
       incWB |  -3150.788   428.6745    -7.35   0.000    -3992.897   -2308.678
       _cons |   16142.98   2729.725     5.91   0.000     10780.57    21505.39
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4392.7277
     sigma_e |  8993.8873
         rho |   .1926022   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(101, 530) =     1.82            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       704
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       113

R-sq:  within  = 0.1749                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4799                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.3509                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,588)           =     41.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3180                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -13611.72   1443.325    -9.43   0.000    -16446.42   -10777.02
     lpop_WB |   61.19612   234.0406     0.26   0.794    -398.4611    520.8533
       incWB |  -3026.288   378.8254    -7.99   0.000    -3770.304   -2282.273
       _cons |   14317.98   3966.718     3.61   0.000     6527.317    22108.64
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4824.2214
     sigma_e |  8861.7556
         rho |  .22860744   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(112, 588) =     1.87            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       635
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       102

R-sq:  within  = 0.1732                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5014                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.3525                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,530)           =     37.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2856                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -14021.75   1515.475    -9.25   0.000    -16998.82   -11044.67
        lpop |  -9.499012   264.5982    -0.04   0.971     -529.289     510.291
       incWB |  -3072.396   426.2726    -7.21   0.000    -3909.787   -2235.005
       _cons |   15731.83   2711.108     5.80   0.000        10406    21057.67
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4414.7429
     sigma_e |   8996.693
         rho |  .19406422   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(101, 530) =     1.85            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       704
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       113

R-sq:  within  = 0.1746                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4748                                        avg =       6.2
       overall = 0.3481                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,588)           =     41.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3132                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -13505.41     1433.6    -9.42   0.000    -16321.01   -10689.82
     lpop_WB |   80.01991   233.8249     0.34   0.732    -379.2137    539.2535
       incWB |  -2970.167   377.2262    -7.87   0.000    -3711.041   -2229.292
       _cons |    13855.9   3951.123     3.51   0.000     6095.871    21615.93
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4843.4096
     sigma_e |  8863.0114
         rho |  .22996032   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(112, 588) =     1.89            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       733
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       113

R-sq:  within  = 0.0430                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1649                                        avg =       6.5
       overall = 0.1179                                        max =        33

                                                F(1,619)           =     27.84
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2441                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -6748.257   1278.936    -5.28   0.000    -9259.836   -4236.678
       _cons |   10839.82   716.4299    15.13   0.000     9432.893    12246.75
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6229.8295
     sigma_e |  10492.226
         rho |  .26065417   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(112, 619) =     3.50            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       660
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       102

R-sq:  within  = 0.0608                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1220                                        avg =       6.5
       overall = 0.1010                                        max =        32

                                                F(2,556)           =     17.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1546                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7256.583   1385.587    -5.24   0.000    -9978.207   -4534.959
        lpop |   740.4942   312.4052     2.37   0.018     126.8555    1354.133
       _cons |   4562.797   3029.236     1.51   0.133    -1387.348    10512.94
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6050.0581
     sigma_e |  10624.807
         rho |   .2448543   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(101, 556) =     3.53            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       608
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       102

R-sq:  within  = 0.1539                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4973                                        avg =       6.0
       overall = 0.3485                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,503)           =     30.50
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3042                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -9943.668   1305.761    -7.62   0.000    -12509.09    -7378.25
        lpop |  -125.7065   289.2513    -0.43   0.664    -693.9959     442.583
    demincWB |  -3222.682    437.952    -7.36   0.000    -4083.122   -2362.241
       _cons |   13655.73   2853.862     4.79   0.000     8048.776    19262.69
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4343.9522
     sigma_e |  9183.9026
         rho |  .18282329   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(101, 503) =     1.69            Prob > F = 0.0002

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       653
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       112

R-sq:  within  = 0.1594                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4637                                        avg =       5.8
       overall = 0.3390                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,538)           =     34.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3139                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_med_p |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -9415.914   1245.142    -7.56   0.000    -11861.85   -6969.978
     lpop_WB |   45.17622   271.8426     0.17   0.868    -488.8267    579.1792
    demincWB |  -3134.614    395.111    -7.93   0.000    -3910.763   -2358.465
       _cons |   11386.14   4480.372     2.54   0.011     2584.977    20187.31
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4817.4101
     sigma_e |  9161.8606
         rho |  .21659414   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(111, 538) =     1.71            Prob > F = 0.0001
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sh_h2o_s        byte   %9.0g                  % pop w/ access to safe water

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |     535    62.36636   28.63715          1        100

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       535
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        51

R-sq:  within  = 0.0938                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3086                                        avg =      10.5
       overall = 0.1580                                        max =        28

                                                F(1,483)           =     49.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2118                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   23.95483   3.388463     7.07   0.000     17.29688    30.61278
       _cons |   49.22478    2.03027    24.25   0.000     45.23553    53.21403
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.822145
     sigma_e |  18.882871
         rho |  .49838946   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(50, 483) =    11.02             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       330
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        38

R-sq:  within  = 0.3331                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5786                                        avg =       8.7
       overall = 0.5637                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,289)           =     48.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4840                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   33.80851   4.013166     8.42   0.000     25.90977    41.70725
        lpop |  -1.896657   .6512562    -2.91   0.004    -3.178464   -.6148509
       incWB |   9.568894   1.018711     9.39   0.000     7.563861    11.57393
       _cons |   57.73541   6.641468     8.69   0.000     44.66364    70.80719
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   16.07307
     sigma_e |  16.280347
         rho |  .49359363   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(37, 289) =     4.24             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       450
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        50

R-sq:  within  = 0.3243                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5693                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.5492                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,397)           =     63.51
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4266                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    35.0886   3.467145    10.12   0.000     28.27234    41.90486
     lpop_WB |  -.9689532   .5143693    -1.88   0.060    -1.980181     .042275
       incWB |   9.715892   .8446117    11.50   0.000     8.055421    11.37636
       _cons |   57.58109   8.686575     6.63   0.000     40.50365    74.65852
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.772852
     sigma_e |  15.849119
         rho |  .46489646   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(49, 397) =     4.33             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       330
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        38

R-sq:  within  = 0.3292                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5910                                        avg =       8.7
       overall = 0.5605                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,289)           =     47.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4875                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   33.16125   3.995565     8.30   0.000     25.29715    41.02534
        lpop |   -1.97657   .6519096    -3.03   0.003    -3.259663   -.6934777
       incWB |   9.357031   1.014073     9.23   0.000     7.361126    11.35294
       _cons |   59.13926   6.597707     8.96   0.000     46.15361    72.12491
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  16.014931
     sigma_e |  16.327784
         rho |  .49032784   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(37, 289) =     4.22             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       450
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        50

R-sq:  within  = 0.3204                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5846                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.5488                                        max =        23

                                                F(3,397)           =     62.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4375                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   34.49218    3.45719     9.98   0.000     27.69549    41.28886
     lpop_WB |  -1.029999   .5151117    -2.00   0.046    -2.042687   -.0173114
       incWB |   9.552308    .842299    11.34   0.000     7.896384    11.20823
       _cons |   59.13678   8.668036     6.82   0.000     42.09579    76.17777
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.661349
     sigma_e |   15.89504
         rho |  .45969149   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(49, 397) =     4.25             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       492
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        51

R-sq:  within  = 0.0853                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2652                                        avg =       9.6
       overall = 0.1393                                        max =        26

                                                F(1,440)           =     41.03
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1823                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   18.50079   2.888172     6.41   0.000     12.82446    24.17711
       _cons |    53.1539   1.612931    32.95   0.000     49.98389     56.3239
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.970878
     sigma_e |  19.044258
         rho |  .49806974   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(50, 440) =    10.42             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       353
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        39

R-sq:  within  = 0.1622                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2233                                        avg =       9.1
       overall = 0.1502                                        max =        26

                                                F(2,312)           =     30.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1311                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   18.99879   3.291256     5.77   0.000     12.52292    25.47465
        lpop |  -3.339763    .702387    -4.75   0.000    -4.721777   -1.957749
       _cons |   81.36882   6.598528    12.33   0.000     68.38558    94.35206
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  20.917102
     sigma_e |  18.114796
         rho |   .5714271   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(38, 312) =    11.97             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       321
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        38

R-sq:  within  = 0.3669                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5737                                        avg =       8.4
       overall = 0.5845                                        max =        21

                                                F(3,280)           =     54.08
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4348                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   28.88896    3.18872     9.06   0.000     22.61205    35.16587
        lpop |  -1.615109   .6608738    -2.44   0.015     -2.91602   -.3141966
    demincWB |   10.04049   .9844241    10.20   0.000     8.102679     11.9783
       _cons |   60.92323   6.354508     9.59   0.000     48.41456    73.43191
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.527183
     sigma_e |  15.825912
         rho |  .49047298   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(37, 280) =     4.25             Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       429
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =        50

R-sq:  within  = 0.3545                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5539                                        avg =       8.6
       overall = 0.5655                                        max =        21

                                                F(3,376)           =     68.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3723                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    sh_h2o_s |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   28.92355   2.754143    10.50   0.000      23.5081      34.339
     lpop_WB |  -.5620269   .5540624    -1.01   0.311    -1.651476    .5274222
    demincWB |   10.33716   .8472171    12.20   0.000     8.671281    12.00304
       _cons |   57.52427   9.080665     6.33   0.000     39.66902    75.37952
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.543976
     sigma_e |   15.55718
         rho |  .46637813   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(49, 376) =     4.22             Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
open            float  %9.0g                  Openness
                                                (Exports+Imports)/Nominal GDP :
                                                PWT

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
        open |    4784    61.69024   41.15267       4.67     423.41

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4784
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       285

R-sq:  within  = 0.0138                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0013                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.0124                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,4498)          =     62.75
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0811                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   18.20022    2.29751     7.92   0.000     13.69597    22.70447
       _cons |   51.09881   1.456724    35.08   0.000     48.24292     53.9547
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.529379
     sigma_e |  39.999606
         rho |  .19249185   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(284, 4498) =     1.77           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3402
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.4468                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5733                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.4002                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3178)          =    855.60
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1952                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   17.46001   2.190357     7.97   0.000     13.16535    21.75466
        lpop |  -16.20634   .3427811   -47.28   0.000    -16.87843   -15.53424
       incWB |   6.073078   .6090172     9.97   0.000     4.878971    7.267184
       _cons |   195.9853   3.508123    55.87   0.000     189.1069    202.8638
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.256699
     sigma_e |  31.114712
         rho |  .17351643   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3178) =     3.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3402
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.4436                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5664                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.3974                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3178)          =    844.48
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1938                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   17.56343   2.196625     8.00   0.000     13.25648    21.87038
     lpop_WB |  -16.14083   .3438235   -46.95   0.000    -16.81497   -15.46669
       incWB |   6.086719   .6107881     9.97   0.000      4.88914    7.284297
       _cons |   306.8013   5.770285    53.17   0.000     295.4874    318.1151
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   14.28544
     sigma_e |  31.205517
         rho |   .1732584   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3178) =     3.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3402
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.4457                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5699                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.3988                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3178)          =    851.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1948                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   16.35747   2.167017     7.55   0.000     12.10858    20.60636
        lpop |   -16.2453   .3427858   -47.39   0.000     -16.9174    -15.5732
       incWB |   5.937427   .6072894     9.78   0.000     4.746709    7.128146
       _cons |    197.128   3.484775    56.57   0.000     190.2954    203.9607
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.302244
     sigma_e |  31.146262
         rho |  .17414146   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3178) =     3.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3402
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.4424                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5627                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.3960                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3178)          =    840.59
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1935                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   16.45204   2.173258     7.57   0.000     12.19091    20.71317
     lpop_WB |   -16.1799   .3438345   -47.06   0.000    -16.85406   -15.50574
       incWB |     5.9501   .6090618     9.77   0.000     4.755907    7.144294
       _cons |   308.2209   5.750689    53.60   0.000     296.9454    319.4963
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  14.336112
     sigma_e |  31.237437
         rho |  .17398108   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3178) =     3.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4105
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.0089                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1383                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.0030                                        max =        41

                                                F(1,3824)          =     34.52
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1705                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   11.50272   1.957813     5.88   0.000     7.664263    15.34118
       _cons |    52.7779   1.155978    45.66   0.000      50.5115    55.04429
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.108896
     sigma_e |   38.76812
         rho |  .19546414   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3824) =     1.78           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4105
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.3812                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2798                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.2945                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3823)          =   1177.30
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2329                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.100656   1.557179     1.99   0.047     .0476748    6.153636
        lpop |  -16.41761   .3423801   -47.95   0.000    -17.08887   -15.74634
       _cons |   203.9143   3.281599    62.14   0.000     197.4804    210.3481
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.660696
     sigma_e |   30.63903
         rho |  .20714174   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3823) =     3.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3166
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.4086                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3597                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.3351                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2943)          =    677.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2730                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   6.264914   1.915624     3.27   0.001     2.508816    10.02101
        lpop |  -16.36473   .4001659   -40.89   0.000    -17.14937    -15.5801
    demincWB |   7.983058   .6234716    12.80   0.000     6.760573    9.205542
       _cons |   204.5729   3.885378    52.65   0.000     196.9546    212.1913
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.810731
     sigma_e |  31.674308
         rho |  .19946621   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2943) =     3.19           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3166
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.4050                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3529                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.3322                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2943)          =    667.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2720                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        open |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   6.346471   1.921338     3.30   0.001     2.579168    10.11377
     lpop_WB |  -16.28554   .4015825   -40.55   0.000    -17.07295   -15.49813
    demincWB |   8.014667   .6253145    12.82   0.000     6.788569    9.240766
       _cons |    316.281   6.600956    47.91   0.000      303.338     329.224
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  15.698974
     sigma_e |  31.770172
         rho |  .19625535   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2943) =     3.17           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
build           float  %9.0g                  noresidential+residential and
                                                other construction: WBDI 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
       build |    1558    120.2974   33.00329       40.1      290.8

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1558
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       172

R-sq:  within  = 0.0066                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0743                                        avg =       9.1
       overall = 0.0058                                        max =        19

                                                F(1,1385)          =      9.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3193                        Prob > F           =    0.0026

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -9.775857   3.234861    -3.02   0.003    -16.12161   -3.430101
       _cons |   127.2356   2.420466    52.57   0.000     122.4874    131.9838
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  19.576447
     sigma_e |  30.259222
         rho |  .29505716   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(171, 1385) =     2.67           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1489
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0266                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0009                                        avg =       8.9
       overall = 0.0147                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1318)          =     11.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0766                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -13.80185   3.472255    -3.97   0.000     -20.6136   -6.990102
        lpop |   1.163934   .5674796     2.05   0.040     .0506717    2.277195
       incWB |   2.553063   .9165631     2.79   0.005     .7549812    4.351145
       _cons |   119.4404   6.173357    19.35   0.000     107.3297    131.5511
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.743514
     sigma_e |  29.598989
         rho |  .28622596   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1318) =     1.99           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1496
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0263                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =       8.9
       overall = 0.0133                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1325)          =     11.93
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0864                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -13.82205   3.463479    -3.99   0.000    -20.61655   -7.027548
     lpop_WB |   1.225535    .565799     2.17   0.030     .1155755    2.335495
       incWB |   2.453611   .9124098     2.69   0.007      .663686    4.243537
       _cons |   110.4216   9.813769    11.25   0.000     91.16934    129.6738
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   18.81122
     sigma_e |  29.572824
         rho |  .28806414   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1325) =     2.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1489
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0269                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0014                                        avg =       8.9
       overall = 0.0150                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1318)          =     12.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0773                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -13.87647   3.433297    -4.04   0.000    -20.61179   -7.141148
        lpop |    1.15484   .5675024     2.03   0.042     .0415332    2.268146
       incWB |   2.576128   .9140952     2.82   0.005     .7828879    4.369369
       _cons |   119.4991   6.153304    19.42   0.000     107.4278    131.5705
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.726318
     sigma_e |  29.593045
         rho |  .28593307   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1318) =     2.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1496
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0267                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0007                                        avg =       8.9
       overall = 0.0136                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1325)          =     12.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0869                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -13.89152   3.424727    -4.06   0.000       -20.61   -7.173041
     lpop_WB |   1.216671   .5658198     2.15   0.032      .106671    2.326672
       incWB |    2.47682   .9099684     2.72   0.007     .6916836    4.261955
       _cons |   110.5358   9.801654    11.28   0.000     91.30734    129.7642
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.793536
     sigma_e |  29.567018
         rho |    .287759   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1325) =     2.01           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1522
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0034                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0987                                        avg =       9.1
       overall = 0.0082                                        max =        19

                                                F(1,1353)          =      4.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3016                        Prob > F           =    0.0324

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -5.347903     2.4976    -2.14   0.032    -10.24749    -.448313
       _cons |   123.8849   1.831796    67.63   0.000     120.2914    127.4784
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.876712
     sigma_e |  30.061832
         rho |   .2827919   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1353) =     2.53           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1514
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0039                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0820                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0048                                        max =        19

                                                F(2,1344)          =      2.65
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2654                        Prob > F           =    0.0712

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -5.158267   2.542717    -2.03   0.043    -10.14639   -.1701406
        lpop |   .4419397   .5735413     0.77   0.441    -.6831938    1.567073
       _cons |   119.6918   5.878294    20.36   0.000     108.1601    131.2234
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.768183
     sigma_e |  30.100816
         rho |  .27993613   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1344) =     2.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1464
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0209                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0098                                        avg =       8.7
       overall = 0.0043                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1293)          =      9.18
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1390                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -10.84765   2.767121    -3.92   0.000    -16.27619    -5.41911
        lpop |   .8443862   .5683311     1.49   0.138    -.2705659    1.959338
    demincWB |   1.680227   .8675706     1.94   0.053    -.0217737    3.382227
       _cons |   119.8002   5.902875    20.30   0.000     108.2199    131.3805
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.659627
     sigma_e |  29.502118
         rho |  .28573288   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1293) =     1.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1471
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0209                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.0113                                        avg =       8.8
       overall = 0.0038                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,1300)          =      9.24
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1463                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       build |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -10.83757   2.752656    -3.94   0.000    -16.23771   -5.437439
     lpop_WB |   .8994494      .5666     1.59   0.113    -.2121011       2.011
    demincWB |   1.621756    .864773     1.88   0.061    -.0747478    3.318259
       _cons |   113.0636   9.638184    11.73   0.000     94.15555    131.9717
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  18.712085
     sigma_e |  29.472227
         rho |   .2872951   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1300) =     1.94           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
exchprem        float  %9.0g                  log (1+BLACK), where BLACK is
                                                the average black market
                                                exchange rate premium fro

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |    1642    .3417739   .5438315   -.852377   6.216406

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1642
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       182

R-sq:  within  = 0.0255                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0098                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0193                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1459)          =     38.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0701                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    -.29153   .0472233    -6.17   0.000    -.3841628   -.1988971
       _cons |   .4894032   .0272773    17.94   0.000     .4358963    .5429101
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22792663
     sigma_e |  .53172757
         rho |  .15522234   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(181, 1459) =     1.24           Prob > F = 0.0219

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1337
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0609                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0219                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0415                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1165)          =     25.18
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2142                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.3352214   .0508933    -6.59   0.000    -.4350741   -.2353687
        lpop |   .0024937   .0097298     0.26   0.798    -.0165961    .0215835
       incWB |  -.1131831    .014624    -7.74   0.000    -.1418754   -.0844908
       _cons |   .4393837    .097581     4.50   0.000     .2479296    .6308377
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21632497
     sigma_e |  .46762931
         rho |  .17627547   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1165) =     1.59           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1353
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       171

R-sq:  within  = 0.0633                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0005                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0377                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1179)          =     26.57
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2541                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.3407956   .0518585    -6.57   0.000    -.4425408   -.2390503
     lpop_WB |   .0021499   .0098503     0.22   0.827    -.0171761    .0214759
       incWB |  -.1198671   .0148518    -8.07   0.000     -.149006   -.0907282
       _cons |   .4397866   .1648065     2.67   0.008     .1164399    .7631334
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22549296
     sigma_e |   .4771741
         rho |  .18254711   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(170, 1179) =     1.55           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1337
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0601                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0217                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0410                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1165)          =     24.83
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2118                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.3278643   .0503803    -6.51   0.000    -.4267106   -.2290179
        lpop |   .0024391   .0097358     0.25   0.802    -.0166626    .0215407
       incWB |  -.1111637   .0145356    -7.65   0.000    -.1396826   -.0826447
       _cons |   .4332665   .0974324     4.45   0.000     .2421039    .6244292
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21607301
     sigma_e |  .46782954
         rho |  .17581317   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1165) =     1.59           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1353
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       171

R-sq:  within  = 0.0623                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0005                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0371                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1179)          =     26.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2512                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.3320442   .0513487    -6.47   0.000    -.4327892   -.2312992
     lpop_WB |   .0021053    .009858     0.21   0.831    -.0172358    .0214465
       incWB |  -.1177069   .0147662    -7.97   0.000    -.1466778    -.088736
       _cons |   .4331134   .1648078     2.63   0.009     .1097642    .7564626
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22496982
     sigma_e |  .47744204
         rho |  .18168796   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(170, 1179) =     1.54           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1519
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0387                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0026                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0236                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1350)          =     54.37
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1337                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.3130117   .0424519    -7.37   0.000    -.3962905   -.2297328
       _cons |   .4741305   .0224598    21.11   0.000     .4300706    .5181904
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21508617
     sigma_e |  .53313596
         rho |  .13997767   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1350) =     1.35           Prob > F = 0.0036

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1464
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0421                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0096                                        avg =       8.7
       overall = 0.0256                                        max =        17

                                                F(2,1294)          =     28.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1304                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.3021165   .0423197    -7.14   0.000    -.3851392   -.2190938
        lpop |   .0229586   .0113042     2.03   0.042     .0007821    .0451351
       _cons |    .238328   .1090374     2.19   0.029     .0244186    .4522374
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21793558
     sigma_e |   .5213802
         rho |  .14873465   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1294) =     1.33           Prob > F = 0.0055

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1249
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0726                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0075                                        avg =       7.4
       overall = 0.0470                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1078)          =     28.14
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2212                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.3032762   .0437157    -6.94   0.000    -.3890537   -.2174987
        lpop |   .0022354   .0107829     0.21   0.836    -.0189225    .0233933
    demincWB |  -.1192725   .0149397    -7.98   0.000    -.1485866   -.0899584
       _cons |   .3863633   .1044646     3.70   0.000     .1813863    .5913403
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22657188
     sigma_e |  .46690443
         rho |  .19059869   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1078) =     1.60           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1260
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0768                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0006                                        avg =       7.5
       overall = 0.0448                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1089)          =     30.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2574                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    exchprem |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.3175475   .0446273    -7.12   0.000    -.4051126   -.2299823
     lpop_WB |   .0013789   .0110227     0.13   0.900    -.0202492    .0230071
    demincWB |  -.1267259   .0152239    -8.32   0.000    -.1565974   -.0968545
       _cons |   .4007221   .1817364     2.20   0.028      .044129    .7573151
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .23566901
     sigma_e |  .47726395
         rho |  .19603181   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1089) =     1.58           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarketexch float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |    1642    1.137032   13.03286  -.5735998   499.8997

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1642
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       182

R-sq:  within  = 0.0035                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0023                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0016                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1459)          =      5.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0927                        Prob > F           =    0.0233

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -2.696393   1.187194    -2.27   0.023    -5.025182   -.3676048
       _cons |   2.502471   .6857508     3.65   0.000     1.157308    3.847634
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.5192689
     sigma_e |  13.367623
         rho |  .03429914   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(181, 1459) =     0.54           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1337
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0049                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0013                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0021                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1165)          =      1.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1352                        Prob > F           =    0.1276

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -3.730804   1.621701    -2.30   0.022    -6.912586   -.5490232
        lpop |  -.2513182   .3100366    -0.81   0.418    -.8596107    .3569742
       incWB |  -.5341274   .4659894    -1.15   0.252      -1.4484    .3801449
       _cons |   5.434847   3.109393     1.75   0.081    -.6657888    11.53548
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.7432401
     sigma_e |   14.90089
         rho |  .03278143   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1165) =     0.49           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1353
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       171

R-sq:  within  = 0.0048                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0026                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0021                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1179)          =      1.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1374                        Prob > F           =    0.1253

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -3.726836   1.610034    -2.31   0.021    -6.885688   -.5679837
     lpop_WB |  -.2392201   .3058181    -0.78   0.434    -.8392285    .3607883
       incWB |  -.5443692   .4610991    -1.18   0.238    -1.449036    .3602971
       _cons |   6.985479   5.116694     1.37   0.172    -3.053364    17.02432
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.7337284
     sigma_e |   14.81467
         rho |  .03292948   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(170, 1179) =     0.49           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1337
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       169

R-sq:  within  = 0.0050                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0017                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0021                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1165)          =      1.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1389                        Prob > F           =    0.1176

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -3.756586   1.604541    -2.34   0.019    -6.904698   -.6084732
        lpop |  -.2539514   .3100707    -0.82   0.413    -.8623108     .354408
       incWB |  -.5235615   .4629391    -1.13   0.258    -1.431849     .384726
       _cons |   5.443043   3.103081     1.75   0.080    -.6452095     11.5313
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.7495018
     sigma_e |  14.899688
         rho |  .03293145   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(168, 1165) =     0.49           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1353
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       171

R-sq:  within  = 0.0050                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0021                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1179)          =      1.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1410                        Prob > F           =    0.1158

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -3.750183   1.593189    -2.35   0.019    -6.875986   -.6243811
     lpop_WB |  -.2419938   .3058621    -0.79   0.429    -.8420886    .3581009
       incWB |  -.5338118    .458148    -1.17   0.244    -1.432688    .3650644
       _cons |   7.013107   5.113467     1.37   0.170    -3.019404    17.04562
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.7394446
     sigma_e |  14.813528
         rho |  .03306771   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(170, 1179) =     0.49           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1519
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0020                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0145                                        avg =       9.0
       overall = 0.0004                                        max =        17

                                                F(1,1350)          =      2.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1156                        Prob > F           =    0.0994

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -1.823902   1.106171    -1.65   0.099    -3.993902    .3460987
       _cons |   1.940601   .5852361     3.32   0.001     .7925302    3.088672
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   2.646394
     sigma_e |  13.891947
         rho |  .03501883   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1350) =     0.55           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1464
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0024                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0376                                        avg =       8.7
       overall = 0.0003                                        max =        17

                                                F(2,1294)          =      1.54
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1443                        Prob > F           =    0.2153

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -1.942266   1.150677    -1.69   0.092    -4.199662      .31513
        lpop |  -.1756126   .3073614    -0.57   0.568     -.778594    .4273687
       _cons |   3.625227   2.964737     1.22   0.222    -2.190991    9.441446
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.7373992
     sigma_e |   14.17638
         rho |  .03594571   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1294) =     0.54           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1249
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0055                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =       7.4
       overall = 0.0026                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1078)          =      1.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1508                        Prob > F           =    0.1160

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.775291   1.448368    -1.92   0.056     -5.61723    .0666489
        lpop |  -.3034466   .3572552    -0.85   0.396    -1.004441    .3975477
    demincWB |  -.9604103   .4949735    -1.94   0.053    -1.931631    .0108103
       _cons |   5.159011   3.461072     1.49   0.136    -1.632189    11.95021
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8666295
     sigma_e |  15.469256
         rho |  .03320021   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1078) =     0.46           Prob > F = 1.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1260
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       168

R-sq:  within  = 0.0055                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0013                                        avg =       7.5
       overall = 0.0025                                        max =        17

                                                F(3,1089)          =      2.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1549                        Prob > F           =    0.1095

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
blackmarke~h |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -2.792261   1.439334    -1.94   0.053    -5.616442    .0319207
     lpop_WB |  -.2920622   .3555086    -0.82   0.412    -.9896215     .405497
    demincWB |  -.9687611   .4910056    -1.97   0.049    -1.932185   -.0053371
       _cons |   7.093417   5.861424     1.21   0.226    -4.407545    18.59438
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8754834
     sigma_e |  15.392881
         rho |   .0337198   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(167, 1089) =     0.46           Prob > F = 1.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bal_bud         float  %9.0g                  unBalanced Budget:
                                                abs((NatGovRevenue-
                                                NatGovExpend)/NatGovRevenue)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |    2227    .2469501   .5917952          0   12.84624

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2227
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       631

R-sq:  within  = 0.0004                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0002                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0007                                        max =        20

                                                F(1,1595)          =      0.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0097                         Prob > F           =    0.4132

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0501655   .0612922    -0.82   0.413    -.1703873    .0700562
       _cons |   .2709235   .0317092     8.54   0.000     .2087274    .3331195
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .42036084
     sigma_e |  .57319322
         rho |   .3497317   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(630, 1595) =     1.23           Prob > F = 0.0007

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       467
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1361                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0004                                        avg =       3.2
       overall = 0.0497                                        max =        14

                                                F(3,316)           =     16.60
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4647                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.5914137   .1587318    -3.73   0.000    -.9037185    -.279109
        lpop |  -.1306912   .0290694    -4.50   0.000    -.1878852   -.0734972
       incWB |  -.2770807   .0431321    -6.42   0.000    -.3619431   -.1922184
       _cons |   1.581583   .2784953     5.68   0.000     1.033644    2.129523
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .62319387
     sigma_e |  .62038417
         rho |  .50225935   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 316) =     1.41            Prob > F = 0.0064

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       650
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       188

R-sq:  within  = 0.0190                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0012                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0101                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,459)           =      2.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1405                        Prob > F           =    0.0320

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.2583062   .1740534    -1.48   0.138    -.6003465    .0837341
     lpop_WB |  -.0104249   .0258781    -0.40   0.687    -.0612791    .0404293
       incWB |  -.1230288   .0422476    -2.91   0.004    -.2060514   -.0400061
       _cons |   .6320093   .4288619     1.47   0.141    -.2107669    1.474786
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .5993049
     sigma_e |  .79525307
         rho |  .36221118   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(187, 459) =     1.18            Prob > F = 0.0798

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       467
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1409                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =       3.2
       overall = 0.0511                                        max =        14

                                                F(3,316)           =     17.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4712                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   -.624124    .157409    -3.96   0.000    -.9338261    -.314422
        lpop |  -.1344629   .0290816    -4.62   0.000     -.191681   -.0772448
       incWB |   -.278266   .0426923    -6.52   0.000     -.362263   -.1942689
       _cons |   1.620656   .2775427     5.84   0.000     1.074591    2.166721
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .62766953
     sigma_e |  .61866213
         rho |  .50722676   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 316) =     1.42            Prob > F = 0.0051

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       650
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       188

R-sq:  within  = 0.0198                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0010                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0104                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,459)           =      3.10
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1481                        Prob > F           =    0.0266

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.2807646   .1738036    -1.62   0.107     -.622314    .0607848
     lpop_WB |  -.0118375   .0258702    -0.46   0.647    -.0626762    .0390013
       incWB |  -.1253737   .0422362    -2.97   0.003    -.2083739   -.0423734
       _cons |   .6612121   .4275901     1.55   0.123    -.1790647    1.501489
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .60036658
     sigma_e |  .79490231
         rho |   .3632334   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(187, 459) =     1.19            Prob > F = 0.0770

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1887
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       569

R-sq:  within  = 0.0001                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0066                                        avg =       3.3
       overall = 0.0000                                        max =        18

                                                F(1,1317)          =      0.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0175                        Prob > F           =    0.7339

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0218225   .0641723    -0.34   0.734    -.1477137    .1040686
       _cons |   .2437605   .0264933     9.20   0.000     .1917869    .2957341
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .48788923
     sigma_e |  .58733479
         rho |  .40829622   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(568, 1317) =     1.38           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       519
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       176

R-sq:  within  = 0.0455                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0284                                        avg =       2.9
       overall = 0.0080                                        max =        16

                                                F(2,341)           =      8.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2910                        Prob > F           =    0.0004

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.2128525   .1421097    -1.50   0.135    -.4923744    .0666694
        lpop |  -.1159587   .0294439    -3.94   0.000    -.1738732   -.0580442
       _cons |   1.332687   .2651422     5.03   0.000     .8111665    1.854207
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .53870817
     sigma_e |  .62226457
         rho |  .42839985   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(175, 341) =     1.16            Prob > F = 0.1224

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       406
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       135

R-sq:  within  = 0.1763                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0001                                        avg =       3.0
       overall = 0.0376                                        max =        13

                                                F(3,268)           =     19.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.6206                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.9063573   .2017896    -4.49   0.000    -1.303652   -.5090628
        lpop |  -.2216413   .0358331    -6.19   0.000    -.2921914   -.1510912
    demincWB |  -.3017808   .0506092    -5.96   0.000     -.401423   -.2021387
       _cons |    2.38305   .3221971     7.40   0.000     1.748691    3.017409
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .75686024
     sigma_e |  .62922857
         rho |  .59130627   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(134, 268) =     1.73            Prob > F = 0.0001

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       513
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       155

R-sq:  within  = 0.0229                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0001                                        avg =       3.3
       overall = 0.0058                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,355)           =      2.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2906                        Prob > F           =    0.0413

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     bal_bud |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.4664806   .2229492    -2.09   0.037    -.9049478   -.0280133
     lpop_WB |  -.0674385   .0365792    -1.84   0.066    -.1393777    .0045006
    demincWB |  -.1412968   .0555997    -2.54   0.011    -.2506429   -.0319506
       _cons |   1.526687   .5830276     2.62   0.009     .3800647    2.673309
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .78214615
     sigma_e |  .82899798
         rho |  .47094472   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(154, 355) =     1.56            Prob > F = 0.0004
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Klepto          float  %9.0g                  Kleptocracy? surplus funds not
                                                spend by leader

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |    2227   -.1979014   .6099596  -12.84624   .9831875

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2227
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       631

R-sq:  within  = 0.0013                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0010                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0033                                        max =        20

                                                F(1,1595)          =      2.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0334                         Prob > F           =    0.1425

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0921848   .0628288     1.47   0.143    -.0310508    .2154205
       _cons |  -.2419552   .0325041    -7.44   0.000    -.3057104   -.1781999
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .43894204
     sigma_e |  .58756296
         rho |  .35818923   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(630, 1595) =     1.26           Prob > F = 0.0002

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       467
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1447                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0026                                        avg =       3.2
       overall = 0.0591                                        max =        14

                                                F(3,316)           =     17.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4596                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    .634635    .159205     3.99   0.000     .3213992    .9478707
        lpop |   .1331229    .029156     4.57   0.000     .0757584    .1904873
       incWB |    .289999   .0432606     6.70   0.000     .2048837    .3751142
       _cons |  -1.599987   .2793255    -5.73   0.000     -2.14956   -1.050415
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .63115043
     sigma_e |   .6222335
         rho |  .50711393   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 316) =     1.44            Prob > F = 0.0040

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       650
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       188

R-sq:  within  = 0.0302                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0076                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0233                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,459)           =      4.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1548                        Prob > F           =    0.0028

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .4080738   .1767884     2.31   0.021     .0606589    .7554887
     lpop_WB |   .0294194   .0262847     1.12   0.264    -.0222338    .0810727
       incWB |   .1579894   .0429114     3.68   0.000     .0736622    .2423166
       _cons |  -.9446686   .4356008    -2.17   0.031    -1.800688   -.0886496
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6109477
     sigma_e |  .80774915
         rho |  .36389914   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(187, 459) =     1.18            Prob > F = 0.0887

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       467
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.1497                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0023                                        avg =       3.2
       overall = 0.0608                                        max =        14

                                                F(3,316)           =     18.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4656                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .6669764   .1578515     4.23   0.000     .3564036    .9775491
        lpop |   .1369406   .0291634     4.70   0.000     .0795617    .1943195
       incWB |   .2909619   .0428123     6.80   0.000     .2067287     .375195
       _cons |   -1.63884   .2783229    -5.89   0.000     -2.18644    -1.09124
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .63520558
     sigma_e |  .62040138
         rho |  .51178883   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 316) =     1.46            Prob > F = 0.0032

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       650
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       188

R-sq:  within  = 0.0313                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0067                                        avg =       3.5
       overall = 0.0236                                        max =        20

                                                F(3,459)           =      4.94
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1625                        Prob > F           =    0.0022

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .4264488   .1765159     2.42   0.016     .0795694    .7733283
     lpop_WB |    .030597    .026274     1.16   0.245    -.0210351    .0822292
       incWB |   .1599474   .0428953     3.73   0.000     .0756519    .2442429
       _cons |   -.966705   .4342628    -2.23   0.026    -1.820095   -.1133153
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .61257995
     sigma_e |  .80730712
         rho |  .36538906   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(187, 459) =     1.18            Prob > F = 0.0852

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1887
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       569

R-sq:  within  = 0.0005                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0051                                        avg =       3.3
       overall = 0.0004                                        max =        18

                                                F(1,1317)          =      0.66
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0073                        Prob > F           =    0.4165

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0532453    .065517     0.81   0.417    -.0752839    .1817744
       _cons |  -.2159746   .0270484    -7.98   0.000    -.2690372   -.1629119
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .49799424
     sigma_e |  .59964212
         rho |  .40818127   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(568, 1317) =     1.38           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       519
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       176

R-sq:  within  = 0.0424                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0174                                        avg =       2.9
       overall = 0.0119                                        max =        16

                                                F(2,341)           =      7.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2416                        Prob > F           =    0.0006

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .1965599   .1435857     1.37   0.172    -.0858653    .4789851
        lpop |   .1134033   .0297497     3.81   0.000     .0548873    .1719193
       _cons |  -1.278537   .2678961    -4.77   0.000    -1.805474   -.7515997
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .54945061
     sigma_e |  .62872776
         rho |  .43301538   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(175, 341) =     1.19            Prob > F = 0.0921

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       406
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       135

R-sq:  within  = 0.1847                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0028                                        avg =       3.0
       overall = 0.0482                                        max =        13

                                                F(3,268)           =     20.24
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.6186                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .9721612   .2022764     4.81   0.000     .5739083    1.370414
        lpop |   .2198744   .0359195     6.12   0.000     .1491541    .2905947
    demincWB |   .3221072   .0507313     6.35   0.000     .2222247    .4219898
       _cons |   -2.36231   .3229743    -7.31   0.000      -2.9982    -1.72642
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .76621521
     sigma_e |  .63074647
         rho |   .5960704   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(134, 268) =     1.77            Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =       513
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       155

R-sq:  within  = 0.0343                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0004                                        avg =       3.3
       overall = 0.0138                                        max =        18

                                                F(3,355)           =      4.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3237                        Prob > F           =    0.0061

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Klepto |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .6136765    .225295     2.72   0.007     .1705958    1.056757
     lpop_WB |   .0777707   .0369641     2.10   0.036     .0050747    .1504668
    demincWB |   .1762864   .0561847     3.14   0.002     .0657898    .2867831
       _cons |  -1.694107    .589162    -2.88   0.004    -2.852793   -.5354203
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .80114493
     sigma_e |  .83772045
         rho |  .47769352   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(154, 355) =     1.57            Prob > F = 0.0003
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GovDebt         float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Central government debt,
                                                total (% of GDP)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |    1707    47.49282   46.22661          0   534.6783

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1707
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       208

R-sq:  within  = 0.0011                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0342                                        avg =       8.2
       overall = 0.0105                                        max =        28

                                                F(1,1498)          =      1.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2963                        Prob > F           =    0.2015

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.927679   4.638351     1.28   0.201    -3.170673    15.02603
       _cons |    43.4603   3.328103    13.06   0.000     36.93206    49.98853
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  23.595324
     sigma_e |  43.717871
         rho |  .22558396   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(207, 1498) =     1.88           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1140
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       156

R-sq:  within  = 0.0085                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0159                                        avg =       7.3
       overall = 0.0012                                        max =        16

                                                F(3,981)           =      2.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1379                        Prob > F           =    0.0393

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.490119   5.991033     0.92   0.360    -6.266595    17.24683
        lpop |  -1.061537   .7757478    -1.37   0.171    -2.583853    .4607787
       incWB |  -3.022188   1.560966    -1.94   0.053    -6.085404    .0410282
       _cons |   49.65825   8.862546     5.60   0.000     32.26652    67.04998
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   22.07995
     sigma_e |  44.911128
         rho |  .19465667   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(155, 981) =     1.33            Prob > F = 0.0075

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1645
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       208

R-sq:  within  = 0.0117                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0235                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0114                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1434)          =      5.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0332                        Prob > F           =    0.0007

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   1.139942    4.92644     0.23   0.817     -8.52386    10.80374
     lpop_WB |   .1595208   .6012939     0.27   0.791    -1.019989    1.339031
       incWB |  -4.599395   1.171854    -3.92   0.000    -6.898128   -2.300662
       _cons |   44.84333   10.53233     4.26   0.000      24.1829    65.50376
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.768025
     sigma_e |  43.384382
         rho |  .21594004   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(207, 1434) =     1.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1140
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       156

R-sq:  within  = 0.0096                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0144                                        avg =       7.3
       overall = 0.0005                                        max =        16

                                                F(3,981)           =      3.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1716                        Prob > F           =    0.0241

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   8.174159   5.905939     1.38   0.167    -3.415567    19.76388
        lpop |   -.991622   .7747608    -1.28   0.201    -2.512001     .528757
       incWB |  -2.817127   1.552604    -1.81   0.070    -5.863935    .2296802
       _cons |   47.22334   8.778354     5.38   0.000     29.99683    64.44985
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.099014
     sigma_e |  44.886543
         rho |  .19509932   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(155, 981) =     1.35            Prob > F = 0.0055

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1645
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       208

R-sq:  within  = 0.0120                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0178                                        avg =       7.9
       overall = 0.0090                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1434)          =      5.81
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0544                        Prob > F           =    0.0006

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.369614   4.864208     0.69   0.489    -6.172112    12.91134
     lpop_WB |    .191745   .6009629     0.32   0.750    -.9871156    1.370605
       incWB |  -4.484224   1.168576    -3.84   0.000    -6.776526   -2.191921
       _cons |   42.78349    10.4837     4.08   0.000     22.21847    63.34852
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.837518
     sigma_e |  43.377935
         rho |  .21702429   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(207, 1434) =     1.81           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1515
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       207

R-sq:  within  = 0.0026                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0001                                        avg =       7.3
       overall = 0.0029                                        max =        27

                                                F(1,1307)          =      3.43
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2508                        Prob > F           =    0.0642

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   7.473484   4.035003     1.85   0.064    -.4423077    15.38928
       _cons |   43.26604    2.83577    15.26   0.000     37.70288     48.8292
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  23.605624
     sigma_e |  45.432857
         rho |  .21257033   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(206, 1307) =     1.57           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1076
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       156

R-sq:  within  = 0.0131                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1169                                        avg =       6.9
       overall = 0.0001                                        max =        17

                                                F(2,918)           =      6.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2403                        Prob > F           =    0.0024

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   9.318617   4.742662     1.96   0.050      .010898    18.62634
        lpop |  -2.326328   .9426869    -2.47   0.014      -4.1764   -.4762565
       _cons |   60.42148   9.546862     6.33   0.000     41.68527    79.15769
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  23.637977
     sigma_e |  46.603258
         rho |  .20462548   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(155, 918) =     1.35            Prob > F = 0.0049

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1053
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       156

R-sq:  within  = 0.0287                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0014                                        avg =       6.8
       overall = 0.0144                                        max =        16

                                                F(3,894)           =      8.81
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1537                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.296972   5.049758     0.65   0.514    -6.613789    13.20773
        lpop |  -3.301271   .9666785    -3.42   0.001    -5.198495   -1.404048
    demincWB |  -6.018767    1.67156    -3.60   0.000    -9.299406   -2.738129
       _cons |   73.82508   10.26722     7.19   0.000     53.67442    93.97573
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.700901
     sigma_e |  45.785085
         rho |  .19732345   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(155, 894) =     1.31            Prob > F = 0.0101

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1486
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       204

R-sq:  within  = 0.0191                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0490                                        avg =       7.3
       overall = 0.0173                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1279)          =      8.31
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0491                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     GovDebt |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.530105   4.163241     0.61   0.543    -5.637427    10.69764
     lpop_WB |  -1.544382   .7697372    -2.01   0.045    -3.054468   -.0342959
    demincWB |  -5.394881   1.216642    -4.43   0.000    -7.781714   -3.008047
       _cons |   71.84108   13.12601     5.47   0.000     46.09021    97.59195
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  22.570363
     sigma_e |  44.608777
         rho |  .20382034   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(203, 1279) =     1.53           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIRT            float  %9.0g                  Cheibub: Direct Tax/TAX revenue

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |    1846     45.5458   21.47399          0   110.0399

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1846
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0673                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7835                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.2134                                        max =        31

                                                F(1,1720)          =    124.10
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4881                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    18.3028   1.642949    11.14   0.000     15.08041    21.52519
       _cons |   34.27015   1.098665    31.19   0.000     32.11529    36.42501
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.0268119
     sigma_e |  18.359735
         rho |  .16046867   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1720) =     2.14           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1725
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3061                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7824                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4284                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1597)          =    234.86
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2719                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   27.69735   1.560566    17.75   0.000     24.63638    30.75833
        lpop |   3.427593   .2413689    14.20   0.000      2.95416    3.901026
       incWB |   8.806409   .4385695    20.08   0.000     7.946177    9.666642
       _cons |  -3.687339   2.518822    -1.46   0.143    -8.627883    1.253205
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8543727
     sigma_e |  15.864234
         rho |  .08561631   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1597) =     1.04           Prob > F = 0.3798

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1725
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3065                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7821                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4285                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1597)          =    235.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2733                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   27.69627   1.560145    17.75   0.000     24.63613    30.75642
     lpop_WB |     3.4354   .2414115    14.23   0.000     2.961883    3.908917
       incWB |   8.811269   .4384843    20.09   0.000     7.951204    9.671334
       _cons |  -27.48781   4.088647    -6.72   0.000    -35.50749   -19.46814
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8593603
     sigma_e |  15.860495
         rho |  .08581421   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1597) =     1.04           Prob > F = 0.3687

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1725
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3059                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7843                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4287                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1597)          =    234.66
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2632                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   27.39001   1.544474    17.73   0.000      24.3606    30.41942
        lpop |   3.410511   .2412862    14.13   0.000      2.93724    3.883782
       incWB |   8.699144   .4370836    19.90   0.000     7.841827    9.556462
       _cons |  -3.165094    2.50476    -1.26   0.207    -8.078057    1.747868
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8293729
     sigma_e |  15.866307
         rho |  .08479105   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1597) =     1.03           Prob > F = 0.4085

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1725
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3063                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7840                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4288                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1597)          =    235.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2646                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   27.38898   1.544061    17.74   0.000     24.36038    30.41758
     lpop_WB |    3.41834   .2413293    14.16   0.000     2.944985    3.891696
       incWB |   8.703989   .4369982    19.92   0.000     7.846839     9.56114
       _cons |  -26.84796   4.076595    -6.59   0.000      -34.844   -18.85192
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8340927
     sigma_e |   15.86257
         rho |  .08497941   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1597) =     1.03           Prob > F = 0.3974

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1728
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0413                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7932                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.1904                                        max =        31

                                                F(1,1602)          =     69.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5232                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   12.09971   1.455901     8.31   0.000     9.244044    14.95538
       _cons |   39.42944   .9140336    43.14   0.000     37.63661    41.22227
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.8975631
     sigma_e |  18.508274
         rho |  .18772193   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1602) =     2.21           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1707
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0796                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6536                                        avg =      13.7
       overall = 0.1958                                        max =        31

                                                F(2,1580)          =     68.31
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3410                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   13.58815   1.447908     9.38   0.000     10.74813    16.42817
        lpop |   2.578928    .315294     8.18   0.000     1.960489    3.197366
       _cons |   14.90505   3.103747     4.80   0.000     8.817153    20.99294
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.4201963
     sigma_e |  18.219146
         rho |  .17600098   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1580) =     2.17           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3066                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8117                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.4387                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,1481)          =    218.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4284                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   20.28533   1.331211    15.24   0.000     17.67407    22.89659
        lpop |   3.318672   .2775883    11.96   0.000     2.774164     3.86318
    demincWB |   9.538553   .4390028    21.73   0.000     8.677419    10.39969
       _cons |   3.520561   2.764423     1.27   0.203    -1.902039    8.943162
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8400586
     sigma_e |  15.751073
         rho |  .08627708   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1481) =     0.89           Prob > F = 0.7880

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.3070                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8114                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.4388                                        max =        26

                                                F(3,1481)          =    218.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4298                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        DIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    20.2915   1.330863    15.25   0.000     17.68092    22.90208
     lpop_WB |   3.330701    .277765    11.99   0.000     2.785847    3.875556
    demincWB |   9.543219   .4389137    21.74   0.000      8.68226    10.40418
       _cons |  -19.60057   4.627941    -4.24   0.000    -28.67859   -10.52255
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8454353
     sigma_e |  15.746929
         rho |  .08649387   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1481) =     0.90           Prob > F = 0.7776
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDIRT          float  %9.0g                  Cheibub: Indirect TAX/ TAX
                                                revenue 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |    1852     52.6327   20.91002          0   108.8514

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1852
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0590                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7174                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.1945                                        max =        31

                                                F(1,1726)          =    108.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4659                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -16.72903   1.607648   -10.41   0.000    -19.88217   -13.57588
       _cons |   62.91445   1.073103    58.63   0.000     60.80973    65.01917
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.9274512
     sigma_e |  18.016548
         rho |  .16220423   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1726) =     2.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1731
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2889                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8076                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4207                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1603)          =    217.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2548                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -25.73814   1.532863   -16.79   0.000    -28.74477   -22.73152
        lpop |  -3.068291   .2376115   -12.91   0.000    -3.534353   -2.602229
       incWB |  -8.637883   .4317855   -20.01   0.000    -9.484807    -7.79096
       _cons |   97.26345    2.47595    39.28   0.000     92.40701    102.1199
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3369664
     sigma_e |   15.62666
         rho |  .07151768   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1603) =     0.85           Prob > F = 0.8859

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1731
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2892                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8074                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4208                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1603)          =    217.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2561                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -25.73751   1.532567   -16.79   0.000    -28.74355   -22.73146
     lpop_WB |  -3.074483   .2376738   -12.94   0.000    -3.540667   -2.608299
       incWB |  -8.642167   .4317317   -20.02   0.000    -9.488985   -7.795349
       _cons |   118.5567   4.022365    29.47   0.000      110.667    126.4463
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3402378
     sigma_e |  15.624073
         rho |   .0716399   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1603) =     0.85           Prob > F = 0.8820

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1731
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2872                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8079                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4196                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1603)          =    215.30
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2395                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -25.28722   1.518469   -16.65   0.000    -28.26561   -22.30882
        lpop |  -3.048686   .2377853   -12.82   0.000    -3.515088   -2.582283
       incWB |  -8.525685   .4307773   -19.79   0.000    -9.370631   -7.680739
       _cons |   96.63775   2.464566    39.21   0.000     91.80364    101.4719
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.326958
     sigma_e |  15.645797
         rho |  .07104973   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1603) =     0.84           Prob > F = 0.8965

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1731
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2874                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8077                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.4197                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1603)          =    215.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2409                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -25.28675   1.518178   -16.66   0.000    -28.26457   -22.30892
     lpop_WB |  -3.054923   .2378481   -12.84   0.000    -3.521449   -2.588397
       incWB |  -8.529959   .4307231   -19.80   0.000    -9.374798   -7.685119
       _cons |   117.7963   4.014635    29.34   0.000     109.9218    125.6708
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3299551
     sigma_e |  15.643203
         rho |   .0711631   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1603) =     0.84           Prob > F = 0.8931

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1734
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0262                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7262                                        avg =      13.9
       overall = 0.1598                                        max =        31

                                                F(1,1608)          =     43.20
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5153                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -9.412943   1.432125    -6.57   0.000    -12.22197   -6.603915
       _cons |   57.31242   .8970488    63.89   0.000     55.55292    59.07193
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  9.0148537
     sigma_e |  18.212081
         rho |  .19679885   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1608) =     2.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1713
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.0533                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.6050                                        avg =      13.7
       overall = 0.1608                                        max =        31

                                                F(2,1586)          =     44.60
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3609                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -10.61272   1.433218    -7.40   0.000    -13.42392   -7.801517
        lpop |  -2.124624   .3119684    -6.81   0.000    -2.736538    -1.51271
       _cons |   77.53301   3.068507    25.27   0.000     71.51425    83.55176
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.5581274
     sigma_e |   18.04232
         rho |  .18367009   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1586) =     2.34           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1615
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2920                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8162                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.4339                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1487)          =    204.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3770                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -17.02441   1.306488   -13.03   0.000    -19.58716   -14.46165
        lpop |  -2.878857   .2723319   -10.57   0.000    -3.413052   -2.344661
    demincWB |  -9.565409    .430956   -22.20   0.000    -10.41076   -8.720063
       _cons |   88.76162   2.709319    32.76   0.000     83.44713    94.07612
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.4868922
     sigma_e |  15.466512
         rho |  .07762705   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1487) =     0.72           Prob > F = 0.9892

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1615
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2923                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8161                                        avg =      12.9
       overall = 0.4340                                        max =        27

                                                F(3,1487)          =    204.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3786                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      INDIRT |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -17.02916   1.306271   -13.04   0.000    -19.59149   -14.46683
     lpop_WB |  -2.888037   .2725356   -10.60   0.000    -3.422632   -2.353442
    demincWB |  -9.569238   .4309081   -22.21   0.000    -10.41449   -8.723986
       _cons |   108.7982   4.538245    23.97   0.000     99.89612    117.7002
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.4894677
     sigma_e |  15.463872
         rho |  .07773373   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1487) =     0.73           Prob > F = 0.9885

. /* Table 4.3 */
> global tab43 " lrgdpc lgdpWB invest FDI savings PRIVCON";

.    modelm fe regyr no 11  $tab43   ;
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrgdpc          float  %9.0g                  log GDP pc: PWT

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |    4782    7.679857   1.004184   5.398163   10.43253

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4782
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       285

R-sq:  within  = 0.2022                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1539                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.2848                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,4496)          =   1139.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2636                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.203091   .0356447    33.75   0.000      1.13321    1.272972
       _cons |   6.979815   .0225985   308.86   0.000     6.935511    7.024119
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6440306
     sigma_e |  .62053044
         rho |  .51857724   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(284, 4496) =    15.70           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7991                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8665                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8856                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   4209.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3984                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   1.781451   .0211635    84.18   0.000     1.739956    1.822947
        lpop |   .0057877   .0033142     1.75   0.081    -.0007105     .012286
       incWB |   .5547731   .0058869    94.24   0.000     .5432306    .5663156
       _cons |   6.668457   .0339138   196.63   0.000     6.601962    6.734952
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2632426
     sigma_e |  .30054472
         rho |   .4341249   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7991                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8666                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8856                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   4209.99
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3984                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   1.781608   .0211617    84.19   0.000     1.740116      1.8231
     lpop_WB |   .0059703   .0033146     1.80   0.072    -.0005286    .0124692
       incWB |   .5547984   .0058866    94.25   0.000     .5432564    .5663404
       _cons |   6.625532   .0556236   119.11   0.000      6.51647    6.734594
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26318104
     sigma_e |  .30053551
         rho |  .43402505   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.02           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7797                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8399                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8738                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   3746.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4097                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.722239   .0219004    78.64   0.000     1.679299    1.765179
        lpop |   .0029986   .0034667     0.86   0.387    -.0037986    .0097957
       incWB |   .5450075     .00614    88.76   0.000     .5329687    .5570463
       _cons |   6.742764   .0352371   191.35   0.000     6.673674    6.811854
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28479407
     sigma_e |  .31468262
         rho |  .45026589   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.12           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3400
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.7797                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8399                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.8739                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3176)          =   3747.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4097                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.722408    .021899    78.65   0.000      1.67947    1.765345
     lpop_WB |    .003196   .0034671     0.92   0.357    -.0036019     .009994
       incWB |   .5450345   .0061399    88.77   0.000      .532996     .557073
       _cons |   6.718859    .057984   115.87   0.000     6.605169    6.832549
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28479888
     sigma_e |  .31467759
         rho |  .45028216   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3176) =     5.11           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4103
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.2078                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0694                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.3049                                        max =        41

                                                F(1,3822)          =   1002.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2728                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.006222   .0317817    31.66   0.000     .9439109    1.068532
       _cons |    7.23148   .0187629   385.41   0.000     7.194694    7.268267
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .70390406
     sigma_e |  .62929034
         rho |  .55579138   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3822) =    13.29           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4103
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.2219                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1152                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.2985                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3821)          =    544.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2649                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .9764833    .031702    30.80   0.000     .9143287    1.038638
        lpop |  -.0581643   .0069773    -8.34   0.000    -.0718439   -.0444847
       _cons |   7.766926   .0668692   116.15   0.000     7.635823    7.898029
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .68221348
     sigma_e |  .62372637
         rho |  .54469581   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3821) =    13.72           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3164
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.8626                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9005                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.9183                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2941)          =   6154.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2539                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.382529   .0151381    91.33   0.000     1.352846    1.412211
        lpop |   .0054752   .0031655     1.73   0.084    -.0007316     .011682
    demincWB |   .5835532   .0049299   118.37   0.000     .5738867    .5932196
       _cons |   7.033292   .0307318   228.86   0.000     6.973035     7.09355
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .23405386
     sigma_e |  .25023774
         rho |  .46661963   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2941) =     5.95           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3164
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.8626                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9006                                        avg =      14.4
       overall = 0.9183                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2941)          =   6155.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2537                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.382655   .0151369    91.34   0.000     1.352975    1.412335
     lpop_WB |   .0056875    .003167     1.80   0.073    -.0005222    .0118973
    demincWB |   .5835919   .0049294   118.39   0.000     .5739265    .5932573
       _cons |   6.992051    .052055   134.32   0.000     6.889983    7.094119
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2339799
     sigma_e |  .25022782
         rho |  .46648205   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2941) =     5.94           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.8542                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.9479                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.9192                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2679)          =   5233.82
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2715                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -.0027964   .0091719    -0.30   0.760    -.0207811    .0151884
     lpop_WB |   .0050054   .0033664     1.49   0.137    -.0015956    .0116064
      lgdpWB |   .5909127   .0051977   113.69   0.000     .5807208    .6011045
       _cons |   3.304834   .0692457    47.73   0.000     3.169053    3.440614
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .16295502
     sigma_e |  .25187954
         rho |  .29505593   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2679) =     5.03           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.8579                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.9472                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.9209                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2678)          =   4042.11
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2577                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -.0244769   .0094268    -2.60   0.009    -.0429614   -.0059923
     lpop_WB |   .0061946   .0033276     1.86   0.063    -.0003303    .0127195
      lgdpWB |   .5741364   .0055165   104.08   0.000     .5633194    .5849534
      demaut |   .1470697   .0177157     8.30   0.000     .1123318    .1818076
       _cons |   3.341531   .0685271    48.76   0.000      3.20716    3.475903
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .16311686
     sigma_e |   .2487462
         rho |  .30070721   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2678) =     5.15           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lgdpWB          float  %9.0g                  log GDP pc: WBDI 2001

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |    5244    7.472456   1.522283   4.338934    10.8719

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5244
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       279

R-sq:  within  = 0.1793                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3127                                        avg =      18.8
       overall = 0.2986                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4964)          =   1084.22
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3084                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.932296   .0586834    32.93   0.000      1.81725    2.047341
       _cons |   6.304843   .0382323   164.91   0.000     6.229891    6.379795
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .7476783
     sigma_e |  1.0350219
         rho |  .34289714   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(278, 4964) =    10.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.9324                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9822                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.9662                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =  14705.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4856                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.837433   .0195589   145.07   0.000     2.799084    2.875783
        lpop |   -.006547   .0030497    -2.15   0.032    -.0125265   -.0005676
       incWB |   .9649382   .0052507   183.77   0.000     .9546432    .9752333
       _cons |   5.785207   .0312373   185.20   0.000      5.72396    5.846454
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .14229633
     sigma_e |  .27804048
         rho |  .20755775   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.71           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.9475                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9832                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.9702                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =  27649.55
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3035                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   2.971569   .0158822   187.10   0.000     2.940432    3.002706
     lpop_WB |  -.0033455   .0021973    -1.52   0.128    -.0076532    .0009622
       incWB |   .9848277   .0038879   253.31   0.000     .9772056    .9924499
       _cons |   5.678129   .0369836   153.53   0.000     5.605623    5.750634
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .12010011
     sigma_e |  .26028804
         rho |  .17553062   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.65           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.9133                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9698                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.9560                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =  11219.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.5027                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.743982   .0219084   125.25   0.000     2.701026    2.786938
        lpop |  -.0111144   .0034517    -3.22   0.001    -.0178822   -.0043465
       incWB |   .9493452   .0059248   160.23   0.000     .9377285    .9609619
       _cons |   5.904572   .0351156   168.15   0.000      5.83572    5.973423
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .18138085
     sigma_e |  .31503174
         rho |  .24896333   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.9308                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9722                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.9604                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =  20584.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3395                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.883733   .0180873   159.43   0.000     2.848273    2.919193
     lpop_WB |  -.0082917    .002521    -3.29   0.001     -.013234   -.0033494
       incWB |   .9745928   .0044562   218.70   0.000     .9658565    .9833292
       _cons |   5.831173   .0422521   138.01   0.000     5.748338    5.914007
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15362383
     sigma_e |  .29898552
         rho |  .20886569   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.78           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 0.1693                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1453                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.2942                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,4038)          =    822.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2960                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.517954   .0529141    28.69   0.000     1.414213    1.621695
       _cons |   6.673306   .0327649   203.67   0.000     6.609068    6.737543
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .88899097
     sigma_e |  1.0394537
         rho |  .42244927   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4038) =    10.79           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.1999                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2863                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.3308                                        max =        37

                                                F(2,2968)          =    370.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3569                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.381142   .0562714    24.54   0.000     1.270807    1.491477
        lpop |  -.1114925    .011918    -9.35   0.000    -.1348608   -.0881242
       _cons |   7.790964   .1141725    68.24   0.000     7.567098    8.014829
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .87110617
     sigma_e |  .96366108
         rho |    .449683   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2968) =    12.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2315                        Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.206265          .        .       .            .           .
        lpop |   1.37e-09          .        .       .            .           .
    demincWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |   6.300112          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.036e-08
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          1   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =        .           Prob > F =      .

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,4036)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0150                        Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   2.206265          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |   7.40e-10          .        .       .            .           .
    demincWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |   6.300112          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.251e-08
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          1   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4036) =        .           Prob > F =      .

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2679)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  =      .                         Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -1.20e-16          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |  -1.18e-17          .        .       .            .           .
      lgdpWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |          0          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |          0
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          .   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2679) =        .           Prob > F =      .

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 1.0000                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 1.0000                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2678)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  =      .                         Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   1.08e-16          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |  -4.71e-17          .        .       .            .           .
      lgdpWB |          1          .        .       .            .           .
      demaut |   3.01e-16          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |   2.66e-15          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |          0
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          .   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2678) =        .           Prob > F =      .
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
invest          float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      invest |    4334    21.62213   8.416179   .7396595   113.5779

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4334
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       272

R-sq:  within  = 0.0099                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0481                                        avg =      15.9
       overall = 0.0239                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4061)          =     40.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1047                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.105807   .4871617     6.38   0.000     2.150703    4.060911
       _cons |   19.73779   .3187577    61.92   0.000     19.11285    20.36273
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.8297021
     sigma_e |  7.8576274
         rho |  .27420337   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(271, 4061) =     2.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2735
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       215

R-sq:  within  = 0.1113                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2790                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.1342                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2517)          =    105.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0302                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.154351   .5240388     9.84   0.000     4.126759    6.181942
        lpop |  -.6838459   .0792401    -8.63   0.000    -.8392284   -.5284635
       incWB |   1.669137   .1360787    12.27   0.000     1.402299    1.935974
       _cons |   23.85191   .8152996    29.26   0.000     22.25318    25.45063
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.5345618
     sigma_e |  6.5290579
         rho |  .32539918   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(214, 2517) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0870                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3893                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0965                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,3731)          =    118.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0185                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.702547   .5177832     7.15   0.000     2.687381    4.717713
     lpop_WB |  -1.020031     .07296   -13.98   0.000    -1.163076   -.8769857
       incWB |   1.196657   .1237901     9.67   0.000     .9539541     1.43936
       _cons |    35.2519   1.217456    28.96   0.000     32.86496    37.63884
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1185774
     sigma_e |  7.5929121
         rho |  .22733608   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3731) =     2.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2735
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       215

R-sq:  within  = 0.1100                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2714                                        avg =      12.7
       overall = 0.1322                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2517)          =    103.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0281                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.002644    .518871     9.64   0.000     3.985187    6.020102
        lpop |  -.6930253   .0792172    -8.75   0.000    -.8483628   -.5376877
       incWB |   1.640524   .1356058    12.10   0.000     1.374614    1.906434
       _cons |   24.07057     .80866    29.77   0.000     22.48486    25.65627
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.5538426
     sigma_e |  6.5337926
         rho |  .32694561   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(214, 2517) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4004
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0874                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3836                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0968                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,3731)          =    119.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0204                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.737572   .5131917     7.28   0.000     2.731408    4.743735
     lpop_WB |  -1.024345    .072894   -14.05   0.000    -1.167261   -.8814292
       incWB |   1.187806    .123404     9.63   0.000     .9458598    1.429751
       _cons |   35.32404   1.211389    29.16   0.000     32.94899    37.69909
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1270102
     sigma_e |  7.5909971
         rho |  .22814427   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 3731) =     2.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3740
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       255

R-sq:  within  = 0.0003                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0026                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.0017                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,3484)          =      0.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1527                        Prob > F           =    0.3292

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.4186745   .4290231    -0.98   0.329    -1.259836    .4224874
       _cons |   21.55159   .2695318    79.96   0.000     21.02314    22.08005
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.9679762
     sigma_e |  7.6635583
         rho |  .21141112   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(254, 3484) =     2.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2639
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       213

R-sq:  within  = 0.0363                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0334                                        avg =      12.4
       overall = 0.0097                                        max =        39

                                                F(2,2424)          =     45.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1728                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0814618   .4520997    -0.18   0.857    -.9680036    .8050799
        lpop |  -.8820434   .0924458    -9.54   0.000    -1.063324   -.7007624
       _cons |    29.0563   .8915922    32.59   0.000     27.30793    30.80466
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.215761
     sigma_e |  6.8786298
         rho |  .27305478   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(212, 2424) =     3.43           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2547
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       213

R-sq:  within  = 0.1117                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2799                                        avg =      12.0
       overall = 0.1394                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2331)          =     97.74
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0066                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.032357   .4567228     2.26   0.024     .1367316    1.927982
        lpop |  -.6563884   .0891989    -7.36   0.000    -.8313059    -.481471
    demincWB |   1.912855   .1358832    14.08   0.000     1.646391     2.17932
       _cons |   26.33596   .8754709    30.08   0.000     24.61917    28.05274
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7084105
     sigma_e |  6.5199372
         rho |  .24443382   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(212, 2331) =     2.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       255

R-sq:  within  = 0.0737                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1771                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.0711                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3351)          =     88.88
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0524                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.1315421   .4287349    -0.31   0.759    -.9721506    .7090664
     lpop_WB |   -.825391   .0825961    -9.99   0.000    -.9873348   -.6634471
    demincWB |    1.36042   .1197017    11.37   0.000     1.125724    1.595115
       _cons |   34.62473   1.350854    25.63   0.000     31.97615    37.27332
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.7071991
     sigma_e |  7.3230931
         rho |  .20399462   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(254, 3351) =     2.68           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2262
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.1495                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.2855                                        avg =      12.2
       overall = 0.1720                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2073)          =    121.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0839                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -1.383691   .2431543    -5.69   0.000    -1.860543   -.9068391
     lpop_WB |  -.7332969   .0920524    -7.97   0.000    -.9138216   -.5527722
      lgdpWB |   2.387821   .1451776    16.45   0.000     2.103112     2.67253
       _cons |   15.32786   1.903434     8.05   0.000     11.59502     19.0607
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.1960447
     sigma_e |  6.2869349
         rho |  .20536088   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2073) =     2.89           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2262
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.1777                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3095                                        avg =      12.2
       overall = 0.1943                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2072)          =    111.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0644                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -.8522592   .2473227    -3.45   0.001    -1.337286   -.3672324
     lpop_WB |  -.7538637   .0905688    -8.32   0.000    -.9314791   -.5762483
      lgdpWB |   2.837127   .1524146    18.61   0.000     2.538226    3.136029
      demaut |  -4.212295    .499822    -8.43   0.000      -5.1925   -3.232089
       _cons |   14.36231   1.875581     7.66   0.000      10.6841    18.04053
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.1438359
     sigma_e |  6.1833677
         rho |  .20540666   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2072) =     2.94           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FDI             float  %9.0g                  WBDI:Foreign direct investment,
                                                net inflows (% of GDP)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
         FDI |    3925    1.729222   4.163926  -25.78183   145.1322

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3925
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0004                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0649                                        avg =      18.7
       overall = 0.0069                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,3714)          =      1.51
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1695                         Prob > F           =    0.2195

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .3250645    .264674     1.23   0.219    -.1938562    .8439852
       _cons |    1.53586   .1699142     9.04   0.000     1.202726    1.868995
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.2199804
     sigma_e |  4.0036223
         rho |  .23515967   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 3714) =     2.40           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2364
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       161

R-sq:  within  = 0.1076                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3159                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.0948                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2200)          =     88.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0439                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .9059635   .1703023     5.32   0.000     .5719933    1.239934
        lpop |   -.344262    .025962   -13.26   0.000    -.3951746   -.2933493
       incWB |    .293641     .04661     6.30   0.000     .2022369    .3850451
       _cons |   3.615907   .2665116    13.57   0.000     3.093266    4.138547
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8563045
     sigma_e |  2.0142024
         rho |  .66787969   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(160, 2200) =     4.23           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3637
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0459                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3644                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.0496                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3424)          =     54.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0083                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .4471331   .2784773     1.61   0.108    -.0988653    .9931316
     lpop_WB |   -.449123   .0379527   -11.83   0.000    -.5235352   -.3747108
       incWB |   .2646234   .0679311     3.90   0.000     .1314338    .3978129
       _cons |   8.494624   .6364523    13.35   0.000      7.24676    9.742489
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.0727288
     sigma_e |  3.9153216
         rho |  .21890431   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 3424) =     2.21           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2364
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       161

R-sq:  within  = 0.1064                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3246                                        avg =      14.7
       overall = 0.0944                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2200)          =     87.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0391                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    .850611    .169326     5.02   0.000     .5185555    1.182667
        lpop |  -.3462373   .0259553   -13.34   0.000    -.3971369   -.2953378
       incWB |   .2864017   .0464562     6.16   0.000     .1952992    .3775042
       _cons |   3.671871   .2650306    13.85   0.000     3.152134    4.191607
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8544052
     sigma_e |  2.0155886
         rho |  .66727912   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(160, 2200) =     4.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3637
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       210

R-sq:  within  = 0.0458                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3681                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.0496                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3424)          =     54.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0092                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .4339544   .2769325     1.57   0.117    -.1090153    .9769241
     lpop_WB |  -.4495195   .0379377   -11.85   0.000    -.5239023   -.3751366
       incWB |   .2625657   .0677209     3.88   0.000     .1297883    .3953431
       _cons |   8.511353     .63467    13.41   0.000     7.266983    9.755723
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.0711517
     sigma_e |  3.9153916
         rho |  .21863802   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(209, 3424) =     2.20           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3323
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       209

R-sq:  within  = 0.0002                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0934                                        avg =      15.9
       overall = 0.0048                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,3113)          =      0.52
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2749                        Prob > F           =    0.4711

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -.170837   .2370088    -0.72   0.471    -.6355463    .2938724
       _cons |   1.586084   .1450904    10.93   0.000     1.301601    1.870567
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.2691652
     sigma_e |  3.9117434
         rho |   .0952419   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(208, 3113) =     1.50           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2251
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.0521                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0005                                        avg =      14.2
       overall = 0.0277                                        max =        40

                                                F(2,2091)          =     57.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2156                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .1087583   .1387449     0.78   0.433    -.1633341    .3808507
        lpop |  -.3067283   .0290151   -10.57   0.000    -.3636297   -.2498269
       _cons |   3.677626   .2795468    13.16   0.000     3.129407    4.225845
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .95354785
     sigma_e |  1.9237386
         rho |  .19723402   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2091) =     1.63           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2184
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       158

R-sq:  within  = 0.0821                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0020                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.0433                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2023)          =     60.30
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3060                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    .364213   .1409099     2.58   0.010     .0878694    .6405566
        lpop |  -.2770838   .0288961    -9.59   0.000    -.3337531   -.2204145
    demincWB |   .3558784   .0448133     7.94   0.000     .2679935    .4437634
       _cons |   3.302394   .2817778    11.72   0.000     2.749789    3.854999
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   1.014358
     sigma_e |  1.8868213
         rho |  .22421407   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(157, 2023) =     1.93           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3224
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       206

R-sq:  within  = 0.0289                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0186                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.0133                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3015)          =     29.89
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1851                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0992524   .2415557    -0.41   0.681     -.572883    .3743782
     lpop_WB |  -.4055489   .0477411    -8.49   0.000    -.4991574   -.3119404
    demincWB |   .2411209   .0697186     3.46   0.001     .1044201    .3778217
       _cons |   8.077493   .7807804    10.35   0.000     6.546577    9.608409
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  1.4229597
     sigma_e |  3.9027078
         rho |  .11734011   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(205, 3015) =     1.67           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1966
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0861                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0192                                        avg =      15.6
       overall = 0.0444                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1837)          =     57.67
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3241                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -.2699244   .0895391    -3.01   0.003    -.4455334   -.0943153
     lpop_WB |  -.2670645   .0311144    -8.58   0.000    -.3280878   -.2060412
      lgdpWB |   .4024862   .0469035     8.58   0.000     .3104964     .494476
       _cons |   2.329912   .6413707     3.63   0.000      1.07202    3.587804
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .83861884
     sigma_e |  1.9131911
         rho |  .16117071   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1837) =     2.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1966
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0896                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0339                                        avg =      15.6
       overall = 0.0448                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,1836)          =     45.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3292                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         FDI |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   -.208199   .0923247    -2.26   0.024    -.3892715   -.0271265
     lpop_WB |  -.2701145   .0310835    -8.69   0.000    -.3310771   -.2091518
      lgdpWB |   .4510825   .0502314     8.98   0.000     .3525659    .5495991
      demaut |  -.4410178    .165003    -2.67   0.008    -.7646311   -.1174045
       _cons |   2.221834   .6415764     3.46   0.001     .9635379     3.48013
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .85184493
     sigma_e |  1.9099998
         rho |  .16590834   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1836) =     2.11           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
savings         float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     savings |    4932    16.85909   14.88251  -84.40388   84.24437

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4932
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       272

R-sq:  within  = 0.0083                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0172                                        avg =      18.1
       overall = 0.0291                                        max =        45

                                                F(1,4659)          =     39.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1715                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.962922   .7940545     6.25   0.000       3.4062    6.519645
       _cons |    13.9633   .5033348    27.74   0.000     12.97653    14.95008
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.8278962
     sigma_e |  13.812165
         rho |   .2900243   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(271, 4659) =     3.32           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3123
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.2430                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1622                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.3083                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2899)          =    310.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2867                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   14.02084   .8420077    16.65   0.000     12.36984    15.67183
        lpop |   1.002556   .1289941     7.77   0.000     .7496265    1.255485
       incWB |   6.571487    .226954    28.96   0.000     6.126479    7.016494
       _cons |   .5193781   1.303846     0.40   0.690     -2.03718    3.075937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.4737853
     sigma_e |  11.386685
         rho |   .3564204   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 2899) =     1.74           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4408
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.2375                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1931                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2945                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4135)          =    429.34
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2006                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   12.88767    .755207    17.07   0.000     11.40706    14.36829
     lpop_WB |   1.090092   .1082992    10.07   0.000     .8777669    1.302416
       incWB |   6.343303   .1862822    34.05   0.000     5.978089    6.708516
       _cons |  -7.782883   1.797915    -4.33   0.000    -11.30776   -4.258003
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.292459
     sigma_e |  11.786739
         rho |  .27682441   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4135) =     1.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3123
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.2404                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1394                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.3045                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2899)          =    305.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2758                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    13.6285   .8349998    16.32   0.000     11.99124    15.26575
        lpop |   .9812389   .1291005     7.60   0.000     .7281009    1.234377
       incWB |    6.49579   .2263601    28.70   0.000     6.051947    6.939633
       _cons |   1.054003   1.296035     0.81   0.416    -1.487239    3.595246
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  8.6322743
     sigma_e |  11.406246
         rho |  .36417096   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 2899) =     1.77           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4408
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.2352                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1736                                        avg =      16.3
       overall = 0.2917                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4135)          =    423.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1910                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   12.49774   .7496474    16.67   0.000     11.02803    13.96746
     lpop_WB |   1.074199   .1084007     9.91   0.000     .8616755    1.286723
       incWB |   6.285686   .1859639    33.80   0.000     5.921096    6.650275
       _cons |  -7.206387   1.793593    -4.02   0.000    -10.72279   -3.689981
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   7.403715
     sigma_e |  11.804459
         rho |  .28231832   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4135) =     1.88           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4204
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       267

R-sq:  within  = 0.0012                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1130                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.0131                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,3936)          =      4.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1682                         Prob > F           =    0.0298

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.529816   .7036455     2.17   0.030     .1502718     2.90936
       _cons |   16.98349    .421737    40.27   0.000     16.15665    17.81033
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  9.8440441
     sigma_e |  13.458335
         rho |  .34853976   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(266, 3936) =     3.50           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3046
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0007                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0374                                        avg =      13.8
       overall = 0.0166                                        max =        39

                                                F(2,2824)          =      0.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2208                         Prob > F           =    0.3818

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   1.045362   .8143085     1.28   0.199    -.5513379    2.642061
        lpop |  -.0770196   .1719495    -0.45   0.654     -.414179    .2601397
       _cons |   18.23748   1.629293    11.19   0.000     15.04276    21.43221
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  10.179885
     sigma_e |   13.43129
         rho |  .36485655   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2824) =     3.10           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2913
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.2410                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3909                                        avg =      13.2
       overall = 0.3294                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2690)          =    284.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1965                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   7.040039   .7546334     9.33   0.000     5.560319    8.519759
        lpop |   .6752554   .1518539     4.45   0.000     .3774933    .9730175
    demincWB |   6.803859   .2330673    29.19   0.000      6.34685    7.260868
       _cons |   8.525839   1.458603     5.85   0.000     5.665744    11.38593
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.9517187
     sigma_e |  11.655728
         rho |  .31760085   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2690) =     1.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3989
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       267

R-sq:  within  = 0.2419                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4273                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.3224                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3719)          =    395.52
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1087                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.981984   .6426456     9.31   0.000     4.722011    7.241956
     lpop_WB |   .6186871   .1265383     4.89   0.000     .3705959    .8667782
    demincWB |   6.326995   .1840681    34.37   0.000      5.96611    6.687879
       _cons |   5.145374   2.055316     2.50   0.012     1.115718     9.17503
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.3406969
     sigma_e |    11.6056
         rho |  .28575161   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(266, 3719) =     1.69           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2597
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.1785                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.7002                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2943                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2408)          =    174.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1256                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -2.945793   .4292997    -6.86   0.000    -3.787628   -2.103958
     lpop_WB |   1.048912   .1568623     6.69   0.000     .7413124    1.356511
      lgdpWB |   5.481946   .2460448    22.28   0.000     4.999465    5.964428
       _cons |  -38.83139   3.175767   -12.23   0.000    -45.05891   -32.60387
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  2.8761708
     sigma_e |  11.231546
         rho |  .06154113   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2408) =     0.83           Prob > F = 0.9546

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2597
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.1843                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.6644                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2942                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2407)          =    135.94
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1167                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -2.490768   .4418435    -5.64   0.000    -3.357201   -1.624335
     lpop_WB |   1.028585   .1564199     6.58   0.000     .7218535    1.335317
      lgdpWB |   5.883338   .2637989    22.30   0.000     5.366042    6.400635
      demaut |  -3.460451   .8381796    -4.13   0.000    -5.104079   -1.816823
       _cons |  -39.85442   3.174924   -12.55   0.000    -46.08028   -33.62855
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0489152
     sigma_e |  11.194314
         rho |  .06905865   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2407) =     0.90           Prob > F = 0.8293
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIVCON         float  %9.0g                  ACLP: Private Consumption 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |    1877    70.68093   15.13617       16.5      167.5

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1877
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0572                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.1475                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.0713                                        max =        39

                                                F(1,1750)          =    106.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0584                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -12.71129   1.233645   -10.30   0.000    -15.13086   -10.29171
       _cons |    76.9316   .6941879   110.82   0.000     75.57008    78.29313
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.6806221
     sigma_e |  14.620969
         rho |  .05959439   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1750) =     0.94           Prob > F = 0.6758

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1769
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2642                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3588                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2696                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1640)          =    196.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3997                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -22.54436    1.22522   -18.40   0.000    -24.94752    -20.1412
        lpop |   .2277018   .1938528     1.17   0.240    -.1525232    .6079268
       incWB |  -7.591445   .3500403   -21.69   0.000    -8.278018   -6.904872
       _cons |   78.00416   1.891217    41.25   0.000     74.29471    81.71362
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.7259376
     sigma_e |  12.788328
         rho |   .1201581   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1640) =     0.93           Prob > F = 0.6845

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1772
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2629                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3697                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.2710                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1643)          =    195.34
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3932                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   -22.5671   1.226843   -18.39   0.000    -24.97344   -20.16076
     lpop_WB |   .1997362   .1933635     1.03   0.302    -.1795287    .5790011
       incWB |   -7.57635   .3504324   -21.62   0.000    -8.263691   -6.889009
       _cons |   76.85788   3.172997    24.22   0.000     70.63433    83.08142
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.6713422
     sigma_e |  12.804517
         rho |  .11746033   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1643) =     0.92           Prob > F = 0.7334

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1769
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2630                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3467                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.2677                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1640)          =    195.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3953                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -22.25767    1.21567   -18.31   0.000     -24.6421   -19.87324
        lpop |   .2590225   .1938426     1.34   0.182    -.1211826    .6392276
       incWB |  -7.442014   .3473838   -21.42   0.000    -8.123376   -6.760651
       _cons |   77.43598   1.881464    41.16   0.000     73.74565     81.1263
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.770726
     sigma_e |  12.799172
         rho |  .12198518   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1640) =     0.95           Prob > F = 0.6496

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1772
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2617                         Obs per group: min =         3
       between = 0.3576                                        avg =      14.1
       overall = 0.2691                                        max =        38

                                                F(3,1643)          =    194.08
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3886                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -22.27965   1.217278   -18.30   0.000    -24.66723   -19.89207
     lpop_WB |   .2309035   .1933531     1.19   0.233     -.148341    .6101479
       incWB |  -7.426548   .3477657   -21.36   0.000    -8.108658   -6.744437
       _cons |   76.07517   3.164435    24.04   0.000     69.86842    82.28192
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.7164173
     sigma_e |  12.815392
         rho |  .11928746   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1643) =     0.93           Prob > F = 0.7004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1706
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0283                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0328                                        avg =      13.5
       overall = 0.0402                                        max =        37

                                                F(1,1579)          =     45.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0486                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7.982313   1.177536    -6.78   0.000    -10.29201   -5.672614
       _cons |   73.83822    .578341   127.67   0.000     72.70382    74.97262
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1041723
     sigma_e |  14.672671
         rho |  .07256331   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1579) =     0.83           Prob > F = 0.9142

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1706
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0289                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0257                                        avg =      13.5
       overall = 0.0385                                        max =        37

                                                F(2,1578)          =     23.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0347                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -7.937738    1.17844    -6.74   0.000    -10.24921   -5.626265
        lpop |   .2629163   .2694659     0.98   0.329    -.2656324    .7914651
       _cons |   71.44252   2.522573    28.32   0.000     66.49457    76.39047
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.1376264
     sigma_e |  14.672894
         rho |  .07366153   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1578) =     0.83           Prob > F = 0.9084

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2531                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4998                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2685                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1480)          =    167.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4119                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -16.17537   1.141514   -14.17   0.000    -18.41453   -13.93621
        lpop |   .4412487   .2417004     1.83   0.068    -.0328631    .9153606
    demincWB |  -8.111789   .3803457   -21.33   0.000    -8.857863   -7.365715
       _cons |   70.22005   2.247856    31.24   0.000     65.81072    74.62937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3634438
     sigma_e |  12.933741
         rho |  .10218714   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1480) =     0.68           Prob > F = 0.9969

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2533                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4989                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2685                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1480)          =    167.32
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4109                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   -16.1735    1.14143   -14.17   0.000    -18.41249   -13.93451
     lpop_WB |   .4559021   .2413276     1.89   0.059    -.0174783    .9292826
    demincWB |  -8.109598   .3802626   -21.33   0.000    -8.855509   -7.363687
       _cons |   66.94016   3.883005    17.24   0.000     59.32338    74.55694
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3655256
     sigma_e |  12.932713
         rho |  .10228931   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1480) =     0.68           Prob > F = 0.9968

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2625                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5212                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2785                                        max =        36

                                                F(3,1480)          =    175.60
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4187                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   3.141838   .6876225     4.57   0.000     1.793019    4.490656
     lpop_WB |   .3535528   .2405176     1.47   0.142    -.1182389    .8253444
      lgdpWB |  -8.490839   .3748944   -22.65   0.000     -9.22622   -7.755458
       _cons |   122.5325   4.619523    26.52   0.000      113.471     131.594
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  4.3002783
     sigma_e |  12.852343
         rho |  .10067991   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1480) =     0.67           Prob > F = 0.9980

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1609
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.2626                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5236                                        avg =      12.8
       overall = 0.2787                                        max =        36

                                                F(4,1479)          =    131.65
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.4174                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     PRIVCON |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   3.079906   .7128754     4.32   0.000     1.681551     4.47826
     lpop_WB |   .3580117   .2409676     1.49   0.138     -.114663    .8306864
      lgdpWB |  -8.526407   .3901299   -21.86   0.000    -9.291673    -7.76114
      demaut |   .3876401   1.172346     0.33   0.741    -1.911998    2.687278
       _cons |   122.5595   4.621639    26.52   0.000     113.4939    131.6252
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   4.293462
     sigma_e |  12.856212
         rho |  .10033866   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1479) =     0.66           Prob > F = 0.9983

. /* TaxGDP */
> xtreg TAXGDP Parl_Pres lpop lrgdpc, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1487
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2477                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5005                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.3630                                        max =        31

                                                F(3,1359)          =    149.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3254                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      TAXGDP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -2.603897   .3350526    -7.77   0.000    -3.261173   -1.946621
        lpop |  -1.648342    .123791   -13.32   0.000    -1.891184     -1.4055
      lrgdpc |   4.392775   .3011825    14.59   0.000     3.801942    4.983608
       _cons |   2.974798   2.735773     1.09   0.277    -2.391998    8.341594
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.4092686
     sigma_e |  6.9269335
         rho |  .37880895   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1359) =     6.34           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg TAXGDP Parl_Pres lpop demaut lrgdpc, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1487
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       125

R-sq:  within  = 0.2536                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4901                                        avg =      11.9
       overall = 0.3754                                        max =        31

                                                F(4,1358)          =    115.37
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3279                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      TAXGDP |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -2.902344   .3460228    -8.39   0.000    -3.581141   -2.223547
        lpop |  -1.635422   .1234113   -13.25   0.000    -1.877519   -1.393324
      demaut |   2.360341   .7193311     3.28   0.001     .9492203    3.771462
      lrgdpc |   4.043049   .3184702    12.70   0.000     3.418302    4.667796
       _cons |   4.436084   2.762132     1.61   0.108    -.9824238    9.854592
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.3565127
     sigma_e |  6.9021755
         rho |  .37588603   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(124, 1358) =     6.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

. /* Table 4.4 */
> global tab44 " CL PR TaxYN IncomeYN COW_WAR";

.    modelm fe regyr no 11  $tab44   ;
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CL              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Civil Liberties
                                                Index 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
          CL |    4078    3.780775   1.923609          1          7

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.4273                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7852                                        avg =      20.8
       overall = 0.5488                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,3881)          =   2896.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2405                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.109002    .076353    53.82   0.000     3.959306    4.258698
       _cons |   1.505609   .0464884    32.39   0.000     1.414465    1.596753
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .55954515
     sigma_e |   1.234703
         rho |  .17038191   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3881) =     3.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.4415                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8158                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.6266                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =    543.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3885                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   3.809853   .0964069    39.52   0.000     3.620788    3.998918
        lpop |  -.0487896   .0166488    -2.93   0.003    -.0814398   -.0161394
       incWB |   .2856669   .0261305    10.93   0.000      .234422    .3369118
       _cons |   2.283631   .1694495    13.48   0.000     1.951321    2.615941
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .74674086
     sigma_e |  1.1095658
         rho |  .31173688   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.4782                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.7740                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.6202                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =    961.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1926                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   4.127002   .0781029    52.84   0.000     3.973864     4.28014
     lpop_WB |  -.0328214   .0127688    -2.57   0.010    -.0578575   -.0077852
       incWB |    .358906   .0190963    18.79   0.000     .3214635    .3963485
       _cons |   2.115508   .2123532     9.96   0.000     1.699143    2.531872
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6911987
     sigma_e |  1.0767951
         rho |  .29180493   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     3.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.4458                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8520                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.6328                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =    552.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.4015                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.792589   .0951173    39.87   0.000     3.606053    3.979125
        lpop |  -.0539334   .0165668    -3.26   0.001    -.0864228   -.0214441
       incWB |   .2771707   .0259615    10.68   0.000     .2262573    .3280841
       _cons |   2.369181   .1676664    14.13   0.000     2.040368    2.697994
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .69823962
     sigma_e |  1.1052834
         rho |  .28524539   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.74           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.4818                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8082                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.6259                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =    975.73
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1971                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.114101     .07729    53.23   0.000     3.962557    4.265644
     lpop_WB |  -.0372633   .0127198    -2.93   0.003    -.0622033   -.0123234
       incWB |   .3508222   .0189932    18.47   0.000     .3135818    .3880626
       _cons |   2.220573    .211014    10.52   0.000     1.806834    2.634312
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .64633498
     sigma_e |  1.0730761
         rho |  .26621078   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     3.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3876
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.6686                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9042                                        avg =      19.8
       overall = 0.7411                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,3679)          =   7422.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0542                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.246456   .0492886    86.15   0.000      4.14982    4.343092
       _cons |   1.735611   .0284904    60.92   0.000     1.679752    1.791469
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .37896805
     sigma_e |  .93320393
         rho |  .14156601   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3679) =     3.26           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2424
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6644                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9429                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.7654                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2278)          =   2255.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3682                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   3.906082   .0596358    65.50   0.000     3.789136    4.023028
        lpop |  -.0997778   .0122299    -8.16   0.000    -.1237608   -.0757948
       _cons |   2.987515   .1173383    25.46   0.000     2.757414    3.217616
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .41032556
     sigma_e |  .87691924
         rho |  .17961943   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2278) =     3.59           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2180
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6906                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9490                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.8087                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2033)          =   1512.33
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2346                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.052788   .0610029    66.44   0.000     3.933153    4.172423
        lpop |  -.0335578    .012277    -2.73   0.006    -.0576345   -.0094811
    demincWB |   .2695081   .0186185    14.48   0.000     .2329948    .3060215
       _cons |   2.327312   .1201185    19.38   0.000     2.091744     2.56288
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .37505006
     sigma_e |  .82192348
         rho |  .17233395   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2033) =     1.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3266
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.6953                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9124                                        avg =      17.0
       overall = 0.7875                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3071)          =   2335.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0202                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    4.11901   .0497714    82.76   0.000     4.021422    4.216599
     lpop_WB |  -.0440963   .0097154    -4.54   0.000    -.0631455    -.025047
    demincWB |   .3322617    .013926    23.86   0.000     .3049565    .3595668
       _cons |   2.571675   .1584093    16.23   0.000     2.261076    2.882274
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .42069578
     sigma_e |  .81701826
         rho |   .2095727   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 3071) =     2.90           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1906
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.3555                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.8476                                        avg =      16.7
       overall = 0.5821                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1789)          =    329.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3707                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |    .793785   .0548171    14.48   0.000     .6862728    .9012973
     lpop_WB |  -.0447341   .0195208    -2.29   0.022      -.08302   -.0064481
      lgdpWB |    .570555   .0297392    19.19   0.000     .5122278    .6288822
       _cons |   .3144006   .4043651     0.78   0.437    -.4786769    1.107478
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .55329718
     sigma_e |  1.2086117
         rho |   .1732646   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1789) =     2.48           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1906
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.7157                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.9526                                        avg =      16.7
       overall = 0.8200                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,1788)          =   1125.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2635                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   .3302931   .0376972     8.76   0.000      .256358    .4042282
     lpop_WB |  -.0289191   .0129729    -2.23   0.026    -.0543627   -.0034755
      lgdpWB |   .1906029    .021309     8.94   0.000     .1488098    .2323961
      demaut |   3.353646   .0704606    47.60   0.000     3.215452     3.49184
       _cons |   1.350143   .2695194     5.01   0.000     .8215364    1.878749
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28873772
     sigma_e |  .80293991
         rho |  .11450561   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1788) =     2.09           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PR              byte   %9.0g                  Freedom House: Political Rights
                                                Index 

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
          PR |    4078    3.760177    2.21072          1          7

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.5782                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8308                                        avg =      20.8
       overall = 0.6747                                        max =        44

                                                F(1,3881)          =   5320.77
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1540                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.492831   .0753024    72.94   0.000     5.345195    5.640467
       _cons |   .7187806   .0458487    15.68   0.000     .6288907    .8086704
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .54522152
     sigma_e |  1.2177136
         rho |  .16699493   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3881) =     2.51           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.5958                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9033                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.7364                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =   1012.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3583                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.111016    .094135    54.29   0.000     4.926406    5.295625
        lpop |   .0018551   .0162565     0.11   0.909    -.0300257    .0337359
       incWB |   .2103766   .0255147     8.25   0.000     .1603393    .2604138
       _cons |   1.037652   .1654563     6.27   0.000     .7131733    1.362131
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .60881079
     sigma_e |  1.0834179
         rho |  .23998951   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     2.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.6010                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.8863                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.7208                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =   1580.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1795                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   5.528001    .080384    68.77   0.000     5.370391    5.685612
     lpop_WB |   .0151986   .0131418     1.16   0.248    -.0105687    .0409659
       incWB |   .2578186   .0196541    13.12   0.000     .2192825    .2963547
       _cons |   .5304572   .2185554     2.43   0.015     .1019317    .9589827
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .56665352
     sigma_e |  1.1082448
         rho |  .20725207   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     2.25           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2208
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.6086                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9272                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.7464                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2061)          =   1068.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3574                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.117977   .0917459    55.78   0.000     4.938053    5.297901
        lpop |  -.0044005   .0159796    -0.28   0.783    -.0357382    .0269373
       incWB |   .2011879   .0250413     8.03   0.000     .1520791    .2502968
       _cons |    1.12905   .1617235     6.98   0.000     .8118919    1.446209
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .53956364
     sigma_e |  1.0661071
         rho |  .20391274   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2061) =     1.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3344
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       193

R-sq:  within  = 0.6125                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9071                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.7302                                        max =        42

                                                F(3,3148)          =   1658.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1630                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.541584   .0786698    70.44   0.000     5.387335    5.695833
     lpop_WB |   .0095211   .0129469     0.74   0.462    -.0158642    .0349063
       incWB |   .2486308   .0193323    12.86   0.000     .2107256     .286536
       _cons |   .6484211   .2147812     3.02   0.003     .2272957    1.069546
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .50698609
     sigma_e |  1.0922336
         rho |  .17726432   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(192, 3148) =     2.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3876
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       196

R-sq:  within  = 0.7928                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9329                                        avg =      19.8
       overall = 0.8381                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,3679)          =  14078.56
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0839                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.327754   .0449019   118.65   0.000     5.239719     5.41579
       _cons |   1.199698   .0259548    46.22   0.000     1.148811    1.250585
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .3966943
     sigma_e |  .85014956
         rho |   .1788009   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(195, 3679) =     3.15           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2424
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.7693                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9515                                        avg =      16.8
       overall = 0.8403                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2278)          =   3797.28
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2538                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.890733   .0567096    86.24   0.000     4.779525    5.001941
        lpop |  -.0436804   .0116299    -3.76   0.000    -.0664866   -.0208741
       _cons |   1.960967   .1115809    17.57   0.000     1.742156    2.179777
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .3497522
     sigma_e |   .8338918
         rho |  .14959799   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2278) =     2.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2180
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.7843                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9678                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.8673                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2033)          =   2464.15
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1727                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   4.958962    .058373    84.95   0.000     4.844485    5.073439
        lpop |   .0085014   .0117477     0.72   0.469    -.0145373    .0315402
    demincWB |   .1828627   .0178159    10.26   0.000     .1479234    .2178019
       _cons |   1.473961     .11494    12.82   0.000     1.248548    1.699373
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .29282493
     sigma_e |  .78648938
         rho |  .12174497   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 2033) =     1.46           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3266
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       192

R-sq:  within  = 0.7945                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9541                                        avg =      17.0
       overall = 0.8590                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3071)          =   3958.29
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0925                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   5.235461   .0480866   108.88   0.000     5.141176    5.329746
     lpop_WB |    .001521   .0093865     0.16   0.871    -.0168835    .0199254
    demincWB |   .2249214   .0134546    16.72   0.000     .1985406    .2513022
       _cons |   1.267281   .1530471     8.28   0.000      .967196    1.567366
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .32657504
     sigma_e |  .78936156
         rho |  .14614908   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(191, 3071) =     2.25           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1906
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.2973                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.8313                                        avg =      16.7
       overall = 0.5335                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1789)          =    252.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.3666                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   .7198239   .0659063    10.92   0.000     .5905625    .8490852
     lpop_WB |  -.0105388   .0234697    -0.45   0.653    -.0565698    .0354921
      lgdpWB |   .6640332   .0357553    18.57   0.000     .5939067    .7341597
       _cons |   -.939019   .4861659    -1.93   0.054    -1.892532    .0144937
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .6258943
     sigma_e |  1.4531072
         rho |  .15649315   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1789) =     2.28           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1906
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.7880                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.9671                                        avg =      16.7
       overall = 0.8657                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,1788)          =   1661.17
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2608                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   .0969598   .0374866     2.59   0.010     .0234377    .1704818
     lpop_WB |   .0107141   .0129004     0.83   0.406    -.0145873    .0360155
      lgdpWB |   .1534343   .0211899     7.24   0.000     .1118746    .1949939
      demaut |     4.5068   .0700669    64.32   0.000     4.369378    4.644222
       _cons |   .4528638   .2680137     1.69   0.091    -.0727892    .9785168
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2518639
     sigma_e |  .79845405
         rho |  .09049736   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1788) =     1.44           Prob > F = 0.0021
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TaxYN           float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |    4098    .3936066    .488609          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4098
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.1194                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0009                                        avg =      27.9
       overall = 0.0715                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,3950)          =    535.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2442                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .6320556   .0273158    23.14   0.000     .5785012      .68561
       _cons |    .054752   .0161604     3.39   0.001     .0230685    .0864355
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24286742
     sigma_e |  .43746368
         rho |  .23559996   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 3950) =     5.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2382
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0520                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3359                                        avg =      16.2
       overall = 0.0750                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2232)          =     40.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0147                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .3614209   .0357671    10.10   0.000     .2912807    .4315611
        lpop |   .0322064   .0053968     5.97   0.000     .0216231    .0427896
       incWB |   .0356672   .0096858     3.68   0.000     .0166731    .0546613
       _cons |   .1441397   .0554083     2.60   0.009     .0354825    .2527969
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26864594
     sigma_e |  .42969206
         rho |  .28103187   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2232) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2554
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0814                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3004                                        avg =      17.4
       overall = 0.0857                                        max =        43

                                                F(3,2404)          =     71.02
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1274                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .4178116   .0353785    11.81   0.000      .348436    .4871871
     lpop_WB |   .0508992   .0049903    10.20   0.000     .0411134     .060685
       incWB |   .0483774   .0093586     5.17   0.000     .0300256    .0667293
       _cons |  -.4425295   .0838763    -5.28   0.000    -.6070069   -.2780522
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24341333
     sigma_e |   .4384313
         rho |  .23561287   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2404) =     3.44           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2382
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0551                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3631                                        avg =      16.2
       overall = 0.0795                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,2232)          =     43.40
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0159                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .3710834   .0354011    10.48   0.000     .3016608    .4405059
        lpop |    .031914   .0053795     5.93   0.000     .0213648    .0424633
       incWB |   .0351809   .0096297     3.65   0.000     .0162967    .0540651
       _cons |    .144203   .0548132     2.63   0.009     .0367127    .2516932
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26420589
     sigma_e |  .42897868
         rho |  .27500867   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2232) =     3.43           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2554
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0862                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3150                                        avg =      17.4
       overall = 0.0898                                        max =        43

                                                F(3,2404)          =     75.56
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1356                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |    .432516   .0349988    12.36   0.000      .363885    .5011469
     lpop_WB |   .0503671    .004966    10.14   0.000     .0406289    .0601052
       incWB |   .0484505   .0093094     5.20   0.000     .0301953    .0667057
       _cons |  -.4391117   .0830106    -5.29   0.000    -.6018913    -.276332
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .24061256
     sigma_e |  .43729371
         rho |  .23239546   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2404) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2861
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.1738                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.4134                                        avg =      19.5
       overall = 0.1564                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,2713)          =    570.86
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1608                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |    .592592   .0248023    23.89   0.000     .5439588    .6412253
       _cons |   .2786907   .0131315    21.22   0.000     .2529418    .3044395
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2086276
     sigma_e |  .42908153
         rho |  .19120611   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2713) =     3.80           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2474
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.0896                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.5096                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.1128                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,2326)          =    114.42
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0407                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .4248604   .0283991    14.96   0.000     .3691701    .4805507
        lpop |   .0228555    .005964     3.83   0.000     .0111601    .0345508
       _cons |   .2043077   .0567839     3.60   0.000     .0929553    .3156601
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .22843342
     sigma_e |   .4310387
         rho |  .21927331   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 2326) =     3.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2199
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       146

R-sq:  within  = 0.0627                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3787                                        avg =      15.1
       overall = 0.0821                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2050)          =     45.72
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0852                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .3523689   .0306605    11.49   0.000     .2922398    .4124979
        lpop |   .0227366   .0062941     3.61   0.000     .0103931    .0350801
    demincWB |   .0363043   .0095917     3.78   0.000     .0174939    .0551148
       _cons |   .2672933   .0610601     4.38   0.000      .147547    .3870396
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .26209618
     sigma_e |  .42340795
         rho |  .27702854   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(145, 2050) =     3.39           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2252
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       147

R-sq:  within  = 0.0869                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.3588                                        avg =      15.3
       overall = 0.0933                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,2102)          =     66.68
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1603                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .3994694   .0296585    13.47   0.000     .3413063    .4576325
     lpop_WB |     .03159   .0060961     5.18   0.000      .019635     .043545
    demincWB |   .0472107   .0093821     5.03   0.000     .0288115    .0656099
       _cons |   -.065665   .0993681    -0.66   0.509    -.2605352    .1292052
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .25826063
     sigma_e |  .42429375
         rho |  .27033699   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(146, 2102) =     3.45           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2091
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0478                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.1161                                        avg =      16.6
       overall = 0.0662                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,1962)          =     32.80
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1257                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   .0553931   .0182718     3.03   0.002      .019559    .0912273
     lpop_WB |   .0053112   .0065113     0.82   0.415    -.0074586    .0180809
      lgdpWB |    .074581   .0099739     7.48   0.000     .0550205    .0941415
       _cons |   .0242111   .1348097     0.18   0.857    -.2401742    .2885964
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21309187
     sigma_e |  .42218299
         rho |  .20303524   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1962) =     3.30           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2091
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       126

R-sq:  within  = 0.0630                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.1380                                        avg =      16.6
       overall = 0.0778                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,1961)          =     32.98
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1541                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       TaxYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |   .0273836   .0187941     1.46   0.145    -.0094749    .0642421
     lpop_WB |   .0066857   .0064651     1.03   0.301    -.0059935    .0193648
      lgdpWB |   .0521175    .010664     4.89   0.000     .0312035    .0730315
      demaut |   .1977365   .0349767     5.65   0.000      .129141    .2663319
       _cons |   .0786671   .1341049     0.59   0.558    -.1843359    .3416701
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .21086453
     sigma_e |  .41889084
         rho |  .20216962   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(125, 1961) =     3.37           Prob > F = 0.0000
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IncomeYN        float  %9.0g                  

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |    8078    .5919782   .4914976          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      8078
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       301

R-sq:  within  = 0.0901                         Obs per group: min =         4
       between = 0.0000                                        avg =      26.8
       overall = 0.0277                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,7776)          =    769.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2237                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .5364996   .0193358    27.75   0.000     .4985963    .5744029
       _cons |   .2995202   .0114992    26.05   0.000     .2769787    .3220616
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .28293356
     sigma_e |  .41315739
         rho |   .3192473   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(300, 7776) =    11.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0689                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0102                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0537                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     78.85
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2330                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0033551   .0050812    -0.66   0.509     -.013318    .0066077
        lpop |    .004369   .0007923     5.51   0.000     .0028155    .0059224
       incWB |  -.0183141   .0013641   -13.43   0.000    -.0209887   -.0156395
       _cons |   .9584114   .0081152   118.10   0.000     .9424999     .974323
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03295538
     sigma_e |  .07223273
         rho |  .17229087   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.77           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3736
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0686                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1656                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.0373                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3512)          =     86.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1662                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |    .120694   .0168255     7.17   0.000     .0877052    .1536828
     lpop_WB |   .0373938   .0024499    15.26   0.000     .0325905    .0421972
       incWB |    .017981   .0044142     4.07   0.000     .0093263    .0266357
       _cons |    .254758   .0411186     6.20   0.000     .1741392    .3353768
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15797247
     sigma_e |  .24970361
         rho |  .28583327   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3512) =     5.05           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0689                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0103                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0539                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     78.79
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2296                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0026622   .0050234    -0.53   0.596    -.0125117    .0071873
        lpop |   .0043875   .0007915     5.54   0.000     .0028357    .0059393
       incWB |  -.0182517   .0013585   -13.44   0.000    -.0209154   -.0155881
       _cons |   .9578066   .0080518   118.96   0.000     .9420195    .9735938
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03292567
     sigma_e |  .07223448
         rho |  .17202685   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.76           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3736
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0700                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1533                                        avg =      16.9
       overall = 0.0371                                        max =        44

                                                F(3,3512)          =     88.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1735                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .1253513   .0166381     7.53   0.000     .0927299    .1579727
     lpop_WB |   .0373237   .0024442    15.27   0.000     .0325314     .042116
       incWB |   .0180294   .0043979     4.10   0.000     .0094068     .026652
       _cons |   .2540995   .0408361     6.22   0.000     .1740346    .3341644
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .15869187
     sigma_e |  .24951795
         rho |  .28799682   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3512) =     5.08           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      5176
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       300

R-sq:  within  = 0.1636                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0275                                        avg =      17.3
       overall = 0.0728                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,4875)          =    953.87
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2784                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .4384242   .0141955    30.88   0.000     .4105947    .4662537
       _cons |   .5954824   .0079609    74.80   0.000     .5798754    .6110894
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .2671624
     sigma_e |  .34203628
         rho |  .37892344   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(299, 4875) =     6.24           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4134
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.0263                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0148                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0246                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3852)          =     52.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0624                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0146652   .0041951     3.50   0.000     .0064405      .02289
        lpop |   .0090318   .0009119     9.90   0.000     .0072439    .0108198
       _cons |   .9045127    .008716   103.78   0.000     .8874244     .921601
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03020553
     sigma_e |  .08267561
         rho |  .11776172   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3852) =     1.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0779                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0316                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.0713                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =     83.58
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1603                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0000418   .0050276     0.01   0.993    -.0098163    .0098998
        lpop |   .0068038   .0010433     6.52   0.000     .0047581    .0088494
    demincWB |  -.0203964   .0015836   -12.88   0.000    -.0235016   -.0172913
       _cons |   .9325911   .0101293    92.07   0.000     .9127298    .9524523
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .04140195
     sigma_e |  .08314076
         rho |  .19870398   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =     2.13           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3348
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       230

R-sq:  within  = 0.0682                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1168                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.0236                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3115)          =     75.95
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2584                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .1244524   .0113781    10.94   0.000     .1021431    .1467617
     lpop_WB |   .0266763   .0023784    11.22   0.000     .0220129    .0313397
    demincWB |   .0073309   .0036099     2.03   0.042     .0002529    .0144088
       _cons |   .4603373   .0387383    11.88   0.000     .3843821    .5362924
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .20271061
     sigma_e |  .19786268
         rho |  .51210069   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(229, 3115) =     5.20           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  =      .                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.4
       overall =      .                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2679)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  =      .                         Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |          0          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |          0          .        .       .            .           .
      lgdpWB |          0          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |          1          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |          0
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          .   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2679) =        .           Prob > F =      .

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  =      .                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 1.0000                                        avg =      15.4
       overall =      .                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2678)          =         .
corr(u_i, Xb)  =      .                         Prob > F           =         .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    IncomeYN |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |          0          .        .       .            .           .
     lpop_WB |          0          .        .       .            .           .
      lgdpWB |          0          .        .       .            .           .
      demaut |          0          .        .       .            .           .
       _cons |          1          .        .       .            .           .
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |          0
     sigma_e |          0
         rho |          .   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2678) =        .           Prob > F =      .
/**********************************************/

              storage  display     value
variable name   type   format      label      variable label
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COW_WAR         float  %9.0g                  Is nation involved in a COW war
                                                (either Interstate or CIVIL but
                                                not Extra-State)

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |   19513    .0756931   .2645133          0          1

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     19350
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =      1379

R-sq:  within  = 0.0021                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0000                                        avg =      14.0
       overall = 0.0040                                        max =        51

                                                F(1,17970)         =     37.92
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0358                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0471082     .00765    -6.16   0.000     -.062103   -.0321135
       _cons |   .0989768   .0041214    24.02   0.000     .0908985    .1070551
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09185301
     sigma_e |  .25880481
         rho |  .11187114   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(1378, 17970) =     1.68         Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0446                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1541                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0460                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     49.74
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0286                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |   .0331165   .0203203     1.63   0.103    -.0067257    .0729588
        lpop |   .0369929   .0031684    11.68   0.000     .0307807    .0432052
       incWB |  -.0117771   .0054551    -2.16   0.031     -.022473   -.0010812
       _cons |  -.2443187   .0324535    -7.53   0.000    -.3079505   -.1806869
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09796225
     sigma_e |  .28886544
         rho |  .10314509   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.37           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0411                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1607                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.0473                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =     65.70
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0188                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      WoverS |  -.0260003   .0164214    -1.58   0.113    -.0581941    .0061935
     lpop_WB |   .0290676   .0022719    12.79   0.000     .0246137    .0335216
       incWB |  -.0158626   .0040199    -3.95   0.000    -.0237435   -.0079817
       _cons |  -.3504507   .0382392    -9.16   0.000    -.4254179   -.2754835
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .08898575
     sigma_e |  .26912486
         rho |  .09855374   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3420
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       221

R-sq:  within  = 0.0448                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1491                                        avg =      15.5
       overall = 0.0453                                        max =        40

                                                F(3,3196)          =     50.01
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0369                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0372657   .0200863     1.86   0.064    -.0021176    .0766489
        lpop |    .037058   .0031647    11.71   0.000      .030853    .0432629
       incWB |  -.0115638    .005432    -2.13   0.033    -.0222143   -.0009132
       _cons |  -.2470971    .032195    -7.68   0.000    -.3102221   -.1839721
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .09833044
     sigma_e |  .28882995
         rho |  .10386408   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(220, 3196) =     1.37           Prob > F = 0.0004

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4867
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       270

R-sq:  within  = 0.0410                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.1589                                        avg =      18.0
       overall = 0.0468                                        max =        45

                                                F(3,4594)          =     65.46
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0170                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0219349   .0162821    -1.35   0.178    -.0538556    .0099859
     lpop_WB |   .0291656   .0022694    12.85   0.000     .0247166    .0336147
       incWB |  -.0155844   .0040115    -3.88   0.000    -.0234488   -.0077199
       _cons |  -.3546708   .0380351    -9.32   0.000    -.4292378   -.2801037
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .08908076
     sigma_e |  .26914513
         rho |  .09873012   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(269, 4594) =     1.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =     13940
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =      1348

R-sq:  within  = 0.0000                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =      10.3
       overall = 0.0006                                        max =        42

                                                F(1,12591)         =      0.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0573                         Prob > F           =    0.7952

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |  -.0020855   .0080348    -0.26   0.795     -.017835    .0136639
       _cons |    .087855   .0042051    20.89   0.000     .0796124    .0960976
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .13593551
     sigma_e |  .27347088
         rho |  .19812904   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(1347, 12591) =     1.63         Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4134
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       280

R-sq:  within  = 0.0429                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0989                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.0372                                        max =        41

                                                F(2,3852)          =     86.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0866                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0463431   .0150176     3.09   0.002     .0168999    .0757863
        lpop |   .0425448   .0032645    13.03   0.000     .0361445    .0489452
       _cons |  -.2944918   .0312015    -9.44   0.000    -.3556648   -.2333188
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .1353112
     sigma_e |  .29596324
         rho |  .17288518   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(279, 3852) =     1.85           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3190
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       220

R-sq:  within  = 0.0485                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0823                                        avg =      14.5
       overall = 0.0398                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2967)          =     50.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1330                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0623976    .017329     3.60   0.000     .0284196    .0963757
        lpop |   .0405767   .0035959    11.28   0.000     .0335259    .0476275
    demincWB |  -.0100134   .0054584    -1.83   0.067    -.0207161    .0006892
       _cons |  -.2949757   .0349132    -8.45   0.000    -.3634322   -.2265192
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .10346285
     sigma_e |  .28656459
         rho |  .11532128   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(219, 2967) =     1.41           Prob > F = 0.0001

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4314
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       275

R-sq:  within  = 0.0375                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0354                                        avg =      15.7
       overall = 0.0328                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,4036)          =     52.37
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0661                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
      demaut |   .0192703    .013842     1.39   0.164    -.0078677    .0464083
     lpop_WB |   .0318495   .0027999    11.38   0.000     .0263602    .0373389
    demincWB |  -.0139127   .0040608    -3.43   0.001    -.0218741   -.0059514
       _cons |  -.4317593   .0456537    -9.46   0.000    -.5212657   -.3422529
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .11201694
     sigma_e |  .26584675
         rho |  .15077445   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(274, 4036) =     1.63           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.0333                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0309                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.0304                                        max =        37

                                                F(3,2679)          =     30.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0685                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |    .000539   .0104312     0.05   0.959     -.019915    .0209931
     lpop_WB |   .0367638   .0038286     9.60   0.000     .0292565    .0442711
      lgdpWB |    .007969   .0059113     1.35   0.178    -.0036222    .0195602
       _cons |  -.5447048   .0787533    -6.92   0.000    -.6991282   -.3902814
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .11654692
     sigma_e |  .28646302
         rho |  .14201779   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2679) =     1.57           Prob > F = 0.0000

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2868
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       186

R-sq:  within  = 0.0391                         Obs per group: min =         2
       between = 0.0048                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.0314                                        max =        37

                                                F(4,2678)          =     27.27
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.1214                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     COW_WAR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   Parl_Pres |  -.0115661   .0108253    -1.07   0.285    -.0327929    .0096607
     lpop_WB |   .0374278   .0038213     9.79   0.000     .0299349    .0449207
      lgdpWB |  -.0013979   .0063349    -0.22   0.825    -.0138196    .0110239
      demaut |   .0821149    .020344     4.04   0.000     .0422234    .1220063
       _cons |  -.5242152   .0786934    -6.66   0.000    -.6785212   -.3699092
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .12002321
     sigma_e |  .28564893
         rho |  .15005665   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(185, 2678) =     1.63           Prob > F = 0.0000

. /***** Wealth and Growth ******/ 
> sort W;

.  by W: sum rgdpc WB_gdppc_con lrgdpc lgdpWB;

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = 0

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |     465    1800.232   3250.084        300      31969
WB_gdppc_~95 |     434    2305.603   6537.349   84.72279    44164.5
      lrgdpc |     465    7.002073   .8313096   5.703783   10.37252
      lgdpWB |     434    6.396612   1.271039   4.439384   10.69568

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = .25

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |     681    3046.401   3762.247        299      33946
WB_gdppc_~95 |     734    2890.851   5374.664   91.02129   43841.29
      lrgdpc |     681    7.527342   .9558247   5.700444   10.43253
      lgdpWB |     734    6.964728   1.365597   4.511094   10.68833

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = .5

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |    1517    1670.024   1315.679        221       7021
WB_gdppc_~95 |    1373    1344.445   1555.833   76.62579   12582.13
      lrgdpc |    1517    7.152106   .7275436   5.398163   8.856661
      lgdpWB |    1373    6.705101   1.005527   4.338934   9.440033

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = .75

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |    1061    2880.346    2343.13        228      12839
WB_gdppc_~95 |    1618    3146.232   4301.412          0   47501.64
      lrgdpc |    1061    7.682535   .7569865   5.429346   9.460242
      lgdpWB |    1617    7.391885   1.178132   4.597265   10.76852

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = 1

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |    1058    8023.636   3938.235        722      18095
WB_gdppc_~95 |    1086     16179.8   10556.43   294.4716   52675.27
      lrgdpc |    1058    8.829941   .6288031   6.582025   9.803391
      lgdpWB |    1086    9.335669   1.039557   5.685183    10.8719

_______________________________________________________________________________
-> W = .

    Variable |     Obs        Mean   Std. Dev.       Min        Max
-------------+-----------------------------------------------------
      rgdpch |       0
WB_gdppc_~95 |       0
      lrgdpc |       0
      lgdpWB |       0


. /* Table 4.6 */
> 
> reg CL W   ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4078
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4076) = 4956.96
       Model |  8278.65773     1  8278.65773           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  6807.35503  4076  1.67010673           R-squared     =  0.5488
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.5487
       Total |  15086.0128  4077  3.70027293           Root MSE      =  1.2923

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          CL |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.472508   .0635248    70.41   0.000     4.347964    4.597051
       _cons |   1.304335   .0405801    32.14   0.000     1.224776    1.383894
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict CLres, residual;
(15435 missing values generated)

. reg PR W  ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4078
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4076) = 8453.68
       Model |  13443.5492     1  13443.5492           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  6481.90352  4076  1.59026092           R-squared     =  0.6747
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.6746
       Total |  19925.4527  4077  4.88728297           Root MSE      =  1.2611

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          PR |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.699386   .0619877    91.94   0.000     5.577857    5.820916
       _cons |   .6044104   .0395981    15.26   0.000     .5267764    .6820444
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict PRres, residual;
(15435 missing values generated)

. reg invest W  ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4334
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4332) =  106.09
       Model |  7336.50295     1  7336.50295           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  299578.885  4332  69.1548672           R-squared     =  0.0239
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.0237
       Total |  306915.388  4333  70.8320766           Root MSE      =  8.3159

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      invest |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   4.264612   .4140438    10.30   0.000     3.452874     5.07635
       _cons |   19.03473   .2811779    67.70   0.000     18.48348    19.58598
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict investres, residual;
(15179 missing values generated)

. reg savings W  ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4932
-------------+------------------------------           F(  1,  4930) =  147.92
       Model |  31814.6726     1  31814.6726           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  1060347.44  4930  215.080617           R-squared     =  0.0291
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.0289
       Total |  1092162.11  4931  221.488971           Root MSE      =  14.666

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     savings |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   8.329415   .6848594    12.16   0.000     6.986786    9.672045
       _cons |     11.999   .4508811    26.61   0.000     11.11507    12.88293
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict savingsres, residual;
(14581 missing values generated)

. xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2047
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       137

R-sq:  within  = 0.9929                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9972                                        avg =      14.9
       overall = 0.9965                                        max =        39

                                                F(7,1903)          =  37968.14
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2558                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglrgdpc |   .9863127   .0026347   374.35   0.000     .9811455      .99148
           W |   .0294807   .0064257     4.59   0.000     .0168785    .0420829
       CLres |   .0026419   .0019199     1.38   0.169    -.0011235    .0064072
       PRres |   .0007027   .0019181     0.37   0.714    -.0030591    .0044645
   investres |   .0017023   .0002052     8.30   0.000        .0013    .0021047
  savingsres |   .0001679   .0001138     1.48   0.140    -.0000553    .0003911
        lpop |   .0010464   .0009406     1.11   0.266    -.0007983    .0028911
       _cons |   .0904755   .0214762     4.21   0.000     .0483562    .1325948
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .03722714
     sigma_e |  .05857368
         rho |   .2877177   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(136, 1903) =     2.49           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg lgdpWB laglgdpWB W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop_WB, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3068
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       180

R-sq:  within  = 0.9977                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9957                                        avg =      17.0
       overall = 0.9986                                        max =        42

                                                F(7,2881)          = 177897.19
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0030                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglgdpWB |   .9976879   .0012376   806.13   0.000     .9952612    1.000115
           W |   .0266767   .0051752     5.15   0.000     .0165292    .0368241
       CLres |   .0019777   .0015113     1.31   0.191    -.0009857    .0049411
       PRres |   .0019234   .0014248     1.35   0.177    -.0008704    .0047172
   investres |    .001818   .0001389    13.09   0.000     .0015457    .0020904
  savingsres |  -.0000678   .0000858    -0.79   0.430     -.000236    .0001005
     lpop_WB |   .0015851   .0007022     2.26   0.024     .0002082     .002962
       _cons |  -.0134465   .0144622    -0.93   0.353    -.0418039    .0149109
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .06297095
     sigma_e |  .05554004
         rho |  .56245672   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(179, 2881) =     3.70           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop demres, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2001
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       137

R-sq:  within  = 0.9932                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9972                                        avg =      14.6
       overall = 0.9967                                        max =        39

                                                F(8,1856)          =  33680.59
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2758                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglrgdpc |   .9865064   .0026034   378.93   0.000     .9814005    .9916123
           W |   .0222206   .0065345     3.40   0.001     .0094049    .0350363
       CLres |   .0013372   .0019628     0.68   0.496    -.0025122    .0051867
       PRres |  -.0000892    .002137    -0.04   0.967    -.0042803    .0041019
   investres |   .0016417   .0002045     8.03   0.000     .0012407    .0020428
  savingsres |   .0001833   .0001117     1.64   0.101    -.0000358    .0004025
        lpop |   .0010591   .0009257     1.14   0.253    -.0007564    .0028745
      demres |   .0190618   .0095501     2.00   0.046     .0003318    .0377919
       _cons |   .0948334   .0212115     4.47   0.000     .0532325    .1364344
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .0374459
     sigma_e |  .05727009
         rho |  .29948271   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(136, 1856) =     2.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg lgdpWB laglgdpWB W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop_WB demres, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2967
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       179

R-sq:  within  = 0.9979                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.9989                                        avg =      16.6
       overall = 0.9988                                        max =        39

                                                F(8,2780)          = 168079.83
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0337                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglgdpWB |   .9973465   .0011961   833.81   0.000     .9950011    .9996919
           W |   .0285583   .0052271     5.46   0.000      .018309    .0388077
       CLres |   .0013924   .0014982     0.93   0.353    -.0015453      .00433
       PRres |   .0036748   .0015681     2.34   0.019     .0006002    .0067495
   investres |   .0016817   .0001352    12.43   0.000     .0014165    .0019469
  savingsres |   .0000781   .0000846     0.92   0.356    -.0000879     .000244
     lpop_WB |   .0017053   .0006728     2.53   0.011      .000386    .0030247
      demres |   -.004311   .0075202    -0.57   0.567    -.0190567    .0104348
       _cons |  -.0141519   .0138199    -1.02   0.306    -.0412502    .0129464
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   .0318512
     sigma_e |  .05256317
         rho |  .26857178   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(178, 2780) =     2.84           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop demres Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1758
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.9927                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.9989                                        avg =      15.4
       overall = 0.9966                                        max =        39

                                                F(9,1635)          =  24617.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.2857                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglrgdpc |   .9895932   .0029287   337.90   0.000     .9838489    .9953376
           W |   .0126486   .0073492     1.72   0.085    -.0017662    .0270633
       CLres |   .0007236    .002156     0.34   0.737    -.0035051    .0049523
       PRres |   .0006977    .002285     0.31   0.760    -.0037842    .0051796
   investres |   .0016234    .000227     7.15   0.000     .0011781    .0020687
  savingsres |   .0001905   .0001217     1.57   0.118    -.0000481    .0004292
        lpop |    .000777   .0010069     0.77   0.440     -.001198     .002752
      demres |   .0175446   .0100211     1.75   0.080     -.002111    .0372002
   Parl_Pres |   .0018692   .0028208     0.66   0.508    -.0036635    .0074019
       _cons |   .0794584   .0232633     3.42   0.001     .0338294    .1250874
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02453043
     sigma_e |  .05748948
         rho |  .15402496   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1635) =     2.32           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg lgdpWB laglgdpWB W CLres PRres investres savingsres lpop_WB demres Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      1683
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       114

R-sq:  within  = 0.9980                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.9996                                        avg =      14.8
       overall = 0.9990                                        max =        36

                                                F(9,1560)          =  86770.35
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.1600                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
   laglgdpWB |   .9961395   .0015491   643.03   0.000     .9931009    .9991781
           W |   .0138019   .0061242     2.25   0.024     .0017893    .0258146
       CLres |   .0010005   .0017925     0.56   0.577    -.0025156    .0045165
       PRres |   .0021666   .0018916     1.15   0.252    -.0015437    .0058769
   investres |   .0016075   .0001895     8.48   0.000     .0012357    .0019792
  savingsres |   .0003392    .000101     3.36   0.001      .000141    .0005373
     lpop_WB |   .0006953   .0008199     0.85   0.397     -.000913    .0023036
      demres |   .0098612   .0083095     1.19   0.236    -.0064377    .0261601
   Parl_Pres |  -.0001636   .0023278    -0.07   0.944    -.0047297    .0044024
       _cons |   .0240126   .0172758     1.39   0.165    -.0098737    .0578989
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02139434
     sigma_e |  .04643211
         rho |  .17512532   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(113, 1560) =     2.52           Prob > F = 0.0000

. /* Table 4.7 */
> reg lrgdpc W S ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4353
-------------+------------------------------           F(  2,  4350) = 1117.45
       Model |  1502.27899     2  751.139495           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |   2924.0187  4350  .672188208           R-squared     =  0.3394
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3391
       Total |  4426.29769  4352  1.01707208           Root MSE      =  .81987

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lrgdpc |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.207071   .0498043    44.31   0.000     2.109429    2.304713
           S |  -.6572116   .0445272   -14.76   0.000    -.7445077   -.5699156
       _cons |   6.970045   .0323417   215.51   0.000     6.906639    7.033451
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict WSincomeres, residual;
(15160 missing values generated)

. reg lgdpWB W S ;

      Source |       SS       df       MS              Number of obs =    4867
-------------+------------------------------           F(  2,  4864) = 1490.02
       Model |  4355.21926     2  2177.60963           Prob > F      =  0.0000
    Residual |  7108.55482  4864  1.46146275           R-squared     =  0.3799
-------------+------------------------------           Adj R-squared =  0.3797
       Total |  11463.7741  4866  2.35589274           Root MSE      =  1.2089

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      lgdpWB |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.690726   .0710759    51.93   0.000     3.551385    3.830067
           S |  -1.151839   .0653687   -17.62   0.000    -1.279992   -1.023687
       _cons |   6.200674   .0494316   125.44   0.000     6.103766    6.297582
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  predict WSincomeresWB, residual;
(14646 missing values generated)

. /* KEY QUESTION: IF WE CHANGE INSTITUTIONS DOES IT IMPROVE LONG TERM GROWTH */
> /* political change: argument is that as institutions change we will see a disruption */
> tsset ccode year;
       panel variable:  ccode, 2 to 990
        time variable:  year, 1763 to 2000, but with gaps

.  gen polchange= (W-L2.W)^2;
(633 missing values generated)

.  label var polchange "squared difference between W today and W two years previous";

.  tsset, clear;

. gen temp=(polchange>0 & polchange~=. & WB_growth ~=.);

. sort ccode;

.  by ccode: egen grochan=sum(temp);

.  drop temp;

. label var grochan "Do institutions change during period for which we have economic data? (sum of polchange)";

. #delimit ;
delimiter now ;
. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3544
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       120

R-sq:  within  = 0.0039                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0059                                        avg =      29.5
       overall = 0.0034                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3421)          =      4.44
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0079                        Prob > F           =    0.0040

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .2092241   .6297072     0.33   0.740    -1.025416    1.443864
           S |  -.5702234    .403292    -1.41   0.157    -1.360941    .2204941
   polchange |  -3.668595   1.048695    -3.50   0.000    -5.724726   -1.612463
       _cons |   4.034739   .3229126    12.49   0.000     3.401618     4.66786
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0457332
     sigma_e |  6.2176407
         rho |  .19352008   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(119, 3421) =     3.94           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3539
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       119

R-sq:  within  = 0.0306                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0077                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0011                                        max =        39

                                                F(4,3416)          =     27.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9374                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .3166432    .621212     0.51   0.610    -.9013414    1.534628
           S |  -.1754243   .3998745    -0.44   0.661    -.9594416     .608593
   polchange |  -3.837516   1.034566    -3.71   0.000    -5.865948   -1.809084
     lpop_WB |  -4.084308   .4209025    -9.70   0.000    -4.909554   -3.259062
       _cons |   66.69351   6.465099    10.32   0.000     54.01766    79.36936
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.5500596
     sigma_e |  6.1327906
         rho |  .60248046   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(118, 3416) =     4.86           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3325
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       112

R-sq:  within  = 0.0275                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0096                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0014                                        max =        39

                                                F(5,3208)          =     18.13
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9355                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   3.072269   1.594249     1.93   0.054    -.0535814    6.198119
           S |  -.8501489   .6382643    -1.33   0.183    -2.101596    .4012983
   polchange |  -3.689507   1.014922    -3.64   0.000    -5.679468   -1.699546
     lpop_WB |  -3.766713   .4309404    -8.74   0.000    -4.611659   -2.921766
WSincomere~B |   .7726231   .4061518     1.90   0.057    -.0237203    1.568966
       _cons |   60.92118   6.517191     9.35   0.000      48.1429    73.69946
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4252087
     sigma_e |  5.7503109
         rho |  .62510034   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(111, 3208) =     5.19           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W w2 S polchange lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3325
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       112

R-sq:  within  = 0.0281                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0097                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0016                                        max =        39

                                                F(6,3207)          =     15.45
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9343                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.679292   2.440748     2.33   0.020     .8937083    10.46488
          w2 |  -2.500745   1.773002    -1.41   0.159    -5.977076    .9755857
           S |  -1.119416   .6661091    -1.68   0.093    -2.425459    .1866269
   polchange |  -3.599797   1.016757    -3.54   0.000    -5.593356   -1.606238
     lpop_WB |  -3.728997   .4317029    -8.64   0.000    -4.575439   -2.882556
WSincomere~B |   .8243422   .4077413     2.02   0.043     .0248821    1.623802
       _cons |   60.10213   6.542009     9.19   0.000     47.27519    72.92908
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.3754203
     sigma_e |  5.7494244
         rho |  .62201421   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(111, 3207) =     5.16           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  test W w2;

 ( 1)  W = 0.0
 ( 2)  w2 = 0.0

       F(  2,  3207) =    2.85
            Prob > F =    0.0579


. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB investres savingsres if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2772
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.0563                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0110                                        avg =      25.0
       overall = 0.0040                                        max =        39

                                                F(7,2654)          =     22.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9280                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.8745733   1.920475    -0.46   0.649    -4.640353    2.891206
           S |   .9533656   .7517935     1.27   0.205    -.5207949    2.427526
   polchange |  -3.385137   1.078891    -3.14   0.002     -5.50069   -1.269584
     lpop_WB |  -4.056767   .5347887    -7.59   0.000    -5.105411   -3.008122
WSincomere~B |  -.9298354   .5090531    -1.83   0.068    -1.928016    .0683456
   investres |   .1329987   .0204458     6.50   0.000     .0929074    .1730899
  savingsres |   .0665413   .0166041     4.01   0.000     .0339831    .0990995
       _cons |   65.95852   8.073262     8.17   0.000     50.12799    81.78904
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.7110657
     sigma_e |  5.5882207
         rho |  .65565506   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 2654) =     5.00           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB investres savingsres CLres PRres if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.0476                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0060                                        max =        28

                                                F(9,2024)          =     11.25
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8284                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.013433   2.853345     0.36   0.722    -4.582366    6.609233
           S |   .0786489   1.071905     0.07   0.942    -2.023504    2.180802
   polchange |  -3.704743   1.245213    -2.98   0.003    -6.146776   -1.262709
     lpop_WB |   -3.03683   .7727184    -3.93   0.000    -4.552236   -1.521423
WSincomere~B |  -.5500766   .7770537    -0.71   0.479    -2.073985     .973832
   investres |   .1513829   .0251954     6.01   0.000     .1019712    .2007945
  savingsres |    .061134   .0203592     3.00   0.003     .0212069    .1010612
       CLres |   .1469888   .1957375     0.75   0.453    -.2368791    .5308568
       PRres |  -.1622923   .1860687    -0.87   0.383    -.5271984    .2026139
       _cons |   50.69874   12.03818     4.21   0.000     27.09021    74.30727
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   5.288218
     sigma_e |  5.8094453
         rho |  .45313608   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2024) =     3.79            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.0476                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0060                                        max =        28

                                                F(9,2024)          =     11.25
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8284                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .1261914    3.01402     0.04   0.967    -5.784713    6.037096
           S |   .0786489   1.071905     0.07   0.942    -2.023504    2.180802
   polchange |  -3.704743   1.245213    -2.98   0.003    -6.146776   -1.262709
     lpop_WB |   -3.03683   .7727184    -3.93   0.000    -4.552236   -1.521423
WSincomere~B |  -.5500766   .7770537    -0.71   0.479    -2.073985    .9738319
      invest |   .1513829   .0251954     6.01   0.000     .1019712    .2007945
     savings |    .061134   .0203592     3.00   0.003     .0212069    .1010612
          CL |   .1469888   .1957375     0.75   0.453    -.2368791    .5308568
          PR |  -.1622923   .1860687    -0.87   0.383    -.5271984    .2026139
       _cons |   46.99003    12.0959     3.88   0.000     23.26831    70.71175
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   5.288218
     sigma_e |  5.8094453
         rho |  .45313608   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2024) =     3.79            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB   invest savings CL PR if grochan>0 , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2207
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       103

R-sq:  within  = 0.0441                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0022                                        avg =      21.4
       overall = 0.0050                                        max =        28

                                                F(8,2096)          =     12.09
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8531                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.965851   1.004965     1.96   0.051    -.0049815    3.936684
           S |  -.4120203   .5253966    -0.78   0.433    -1.442374     .618333
   polchange |  -3.676191   1.247654    -2.95   0.003    -6.122961   -1.229421
     lpop_WB |   -3.23104   .7633912    -4.23   0.000    -4.728124   -1.733957
      invest |   .1379244   .0249224     5.53   0.000     .0890492    .1867996
     savings |   .0607733    .018714     3.25   0.001     .0240732    .0974733
          CL |   .1665739   .1955738     0.85   0.394    -.2169652    .5501131
          PR |  -.1721485   .1873118    -0.92   0.358     -.539485     .195188
       _cons |   49.91374   12.01596     4.15   0.000     26.34928     73.4782
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.6018222
     sigma_e |  5.8982419
         rho |  .47424164   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(102, 2096) =     3.62           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2772
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.1310                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0060                                        avg =      25.0
       overall = 0.0014                                        max =        39

                                                F(7,2654)          =     57.16
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9087                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.500468     .64598     2.32   0.020     .2337924    2.767143
           S |   .1114648   .4299648     0.26   0.795    -.7316353    .9545649
   polchange |  -3.983278    1.03429    -3.85   0.000    -6.011374   -1.955181
     lpop_WB |  -1.606112   .5161645    -3.11   0.002    -2.618237   -.5939866
   laglgdpWB |  -7.143495   .4693011   -15.22   0.000    -8.063728   -6.223262
      invest |   .1651608   .0195204     8.46   0.000     .1268839    .2034376
     savings |   .1476177   .0157452     9.38   0.000     .1167437    .1784917
       _cons |   72.47137   7.380872     9.82   0.000     57.99852    86.94421
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.7011706
     sigma_e |  5.3625523
         rho |  .67345746   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 2654) =     7.39           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.1598                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0068                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0004                                        max =        28

                                                F(9,2024)          =     42.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9590                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.272761   .9442571     2.41   0.016      .420944    4.124579
           S |  -.1376088   .5156139    -0.27   0.790    -1.148798    .8735805
   polchange |  -4.728909    1.16741    -4.05   0.000    -7.018359   -2.439458
     lpop_WB |  -.9936792   .7271812    -1.37   0.172    -2.419781    .4324226
   laglgdpWB |  -11.31412   .6876719   -16.45   0.000    -12.66274   -9.965504
      invest |   .1841949   .0235285     7.83   0.000     .1380524    .2303375
     savings |   .1611635   .0188762     8.54   0.000     .1241447    .1981823
          CL |   .3367809   .1837175     1.83   0.067    -.0235142    .6970761
          PR |  -.1889258   .1747526    -1.08   0.280    -.5316395    .1537878
       _cons |   90.02464   11.53182     7.81   0.000     67.40917    112.6401
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  12.367699
     sigma_e |  5.4567147
         rho |  .83705575   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2024) =     6.88            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W w2 S polchange lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.1607                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0068                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0003                                        max =        28

                                                F(10,2023)         =     38.74
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9597                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -1.019258   2.374998    -0.43   0.668    -5.676955    3.638439
          w2 |   3.702718   2.451235     1.51   0.131    -1.104489    8.509926
           S |   .1879742   .5587007     0.34   0.737    -.9077147    1.283663
   polchange |  -4.787544   1.167686    -4.10   0.000    -7.077536   -2.497551
     lpop_WB |  -1.034873   .7274624    -1.42   0.155    -2.461527    .3917803
   laglgdpWB |    -11.447   .6930595   -16.52   0.000    -12.80619   -10.08782
      invest |   .1849018   .0235257     7.86   0.000     .1387647    .2310389
     savings |   .1626008   .0188942     8.61   0.000     .1255467     .199655
          CL |   .3125127   .1843607     1.70   0.090     -.049044    .6740694
          PR |   -.235291   .1773732    -1.33   0.185    -.5831443    .1125622
       _cons |   91.93899   11.59762     7.93   0.000     69.19447    114.6835
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  12.466863
     sigma_e |  5.4549877
         rho |  .83930791   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2023) =     6.91            Prob > F = 0.0000

.  test W w2;

 ( 1)  W = 0.0
 ( 2)  w2 = 0.0

       F(  2,  2023) =    4.04
            Prob > F =    0.0178


. /* Reverse causality: growth causes political change */ 
> tsset ccode year;
       panel variable:  ccode, 2 to 990
        time variable:  year, 1763 to 2000, but with gaps

. gen L4growWB=L4.WB_growth;
(14733 missing values generated)

. gen L3growWB=L3.WB_growth;
(14562 missing values generated)

. gen L2growWB=L2.WB_growth;
(14391 missing values generated)

.  gen L1growWB=L1.WB_growth;
(14226 missing values generated)

.  gen DW=W-L.W;
(404 missing values generated)

. capture drop DS;

.  gen DS=S-L.S;
(7383 missing values generated)

. tsset, clear;

. xtreg DW lagW L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB  , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4778
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       248

R-sq:  within  = 0.0496                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0003                                        avg =      19.3
       overall = 0.0301                                        max =        45

                                                F(4,4526)          =     59.07
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3492                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DW |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        lagW |  -.0915785   .0060662   -15.10   0.000    -.1034712   -.0796858
    L3growWB |   .0002907   .0002719     1.07   0.285    -.0002424    .0008239
    L2growWB |  -.0007191   .0002825    -2.55   0.011     -.001273   -.0001653
    L1growWB |   .0004335   .0002799     1.55   0.122    -.0001153    .0009822
       _cons |   .0567643   .0040742    13.93   0.000     .0487769    .0647518
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02982505
     sigma_e |  .10474967
         rho |  .07499001   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(247, 4526) =     1.31           Prob > F = 0.0012

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4526) =    0.00
            Prob > F =    0.9892


. xtreg DW lagW L4growWB L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB  , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4597
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       240

R-sq:  within  = 0.0506                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0005                                        avg =      19.2
       overall = 0.0307                                        max =        45

                                                F(5,4352)          =     46.41
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.3632                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DW |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        lagW |   -.092961   .0062231   -14.94   0.000    -.1051615   -.0807604
    L4growWB |   .0003688   .0002825     1.31   0.192     -.000185    .0009226
    L3growWB |   .0002358    .000291     0.81   0.418    -.0003348    .0008064
    L2growWB |  -.0007109   .0002977    -2.39   0.017    -.0012946   -.0001273
    L1growWB |   .0004115    .000291     1.41   0.157    -.0001591     .000982
       _cons |   .0564797   .0042194    13.39   0.000     .0482076    .0647519
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02991103
     sigma_e |   .1053368
         rho |   .0746148   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(239, 4352) =     1.27           Prob > F = 0.0039

.  test L4growWB+L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L4growWB + L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4352) =    0.50
            Prob > F =    0.4789


. xtreg DW  L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB laglgdpWB  lpop_WB , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4566
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       248

R-sq:  within  = 0.0022                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0002                                        avg =      18.4
       overall = 0.0016                                        max =        45

                                                F(5,4313)          =      1.91
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0441                        Prob > F           =    0.0892

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DW |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    L3growWB |   .0004342    .000294     1.48   0.140    -.0001422    .0010105
    L2growWB |  -.0008496   .0003054    -2.78   0.005    -.0014484   -.0002508
    L1growWB |   .0003224   .0003061     1.05   0.292    -.0002777    .0009224
   laglgdpWB |   -.001356   .0014499    -0.94   0.350    -.0041986    .0014866
     lpop_WB |   -.000329   .0009025    -0.36   0.715    -.0020983    .0014404
       _cons |   .0186123   .0190957     0.97   0.330    -.0188251    .0560498
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02296134
     sigma_e |   .1058906
         rho |  .04490811   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(247, 4313) =     0.90           Prob > F = 0.8712

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4313) =    0.05
            Prob > F =    0.8201


. oprobit DW  L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB laglgdpWB  lpop_WB;

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -1434.3774
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -1428.3801
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -1428.3599
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -1428.3599

Ordered probit estimates                          Number of obs   =       4566
                                                  LR chi2(5)      =      12.04
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0343
Log likelihood = -1428.3599                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0042

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DW |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    L3growWB |   .0054519   .0046318     1.18   0.239    -.0036264    .0145301
    L2growWB |  -.0165632   .0047806    -3.46   0.001     -.025933   -.0071934
    L1growWB |   .0035693   .0048383     0.74   0.461    -.0059135    .0130521
   laglgdpWB |  -.0006218   .0179946    -0.03   0.972    -.0358905    .0346469
     lpop_WB |  -.0068726   .0144512    -0.48   0.634    -.0351964    .0214512
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -3.666749   .3777198          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -2.771262   .2813907 
       _cut3 |  -2.426419   .2762642 
       _cut4 |  -2.131893   .2747804 
       _cut5 |   1.696507   .2730618 
       _cut6 |   2.111671   .2750022 
       _cut7 |   2.429736   .2795307 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

           chi2(  1) =    1.48
         Prob > chi2 =    0.2238


. xtreg polchange  lagW L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB laglgdpWB  lpop_WB , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4566
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       248

R-sq:  within  = 0.0169                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0752                                        avg =      18.4
       overall = 0.0247                                        max =        45

                                                F(6,4312)          =     12.38
corr(u_i, Xb)  = 0.0231                         Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   polchange |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        lagW |  -.0318873   .0056951    -5.60   0.000    -.0430527   -.0207219
    L3growWB |  -.0003069   .0002383    -1.29   0.198    -.0007741    .0001603
    L2growWB |  -.0002289   .0002475    -0.93   0.355    -.0007141    .0002562
    L1growWB |  -.0005301    .000248    -2.14   0.033    -.0010163   -.0000439
   laglgdpWB |  -.0020847   .0012903    -1.62   0.106    -.0046143     .000445
     lpop_WB |    .001746   .0007313     2.39   0.017     .0003123    .0031796
       _cons |   .0324986   .0154826     2.10   0.036     .0021446    .0628525
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .02054936
     sigma_e |  .08579976
         rho |  .05425013   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(247, 4312) =     1.09           Prob > F = 0.1670

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4312) =   10.33
            Prob > F =    0.0013


. xtreg DS lagW L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB  , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4548
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       244

R-sq:  within  = 0.0179                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0001                                        avg =      18.6
       overall = 0.0116                                        max =        45

                                                F(4,4300)          =     19.59
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2247                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        lagW |  -.0986587   .0120646    -8.18   0.000    -.1223115    -.075006
    L3growWB |   .0012817   .0005474     2.34   0.019     .0002086    .0023549
    L2growWB |  -.0012441   .0005696    -2.18   0.029    -.0023608   -.0001273
    L1growWB |   .0013513   .0005635     2.40   0.017     .0002465    .0024561
       _cons |   .0554772   .0081393     6.82   0.000     .0395199    .0714345
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .05240767
     sigma_e |  .20372156
         rho |   .0620706   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(243, 4300) =     1.04           Prob > F = 0.3268

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4300) =    3.43
            Prob > F =    0.0642


. xtreg DS lagW L4growWB L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB  , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4404
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       237

R-sq:  within  = 0.0181                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0000                                        avg =      18.6
       overall = 0.0116                                        max =        45

                                                F(5,4162)          =     15.36
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.2307                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        lagW |   -.101766   .0123174    -8.26   0.000    -.1259147   -.0776174
    L4growWB |   -.000098   .0005648    -0.17   0.862    -.0012052    .0010092
    L3growWB |   .0009878   .0005837     1.69   0.091    -.0001565    .0021321
    L2growWB |  -.0010361   .0005979    -1.73   0.083    -.0022082     .000136
    L1growWB |   .0013658   .0005827     2.34   0.019     .0002233    .0025082
       _cons |   .0582215    .008362     6.96   0.000     .0418274    .0746155
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .05301916
     sigma_e |  .20425724
         rho |  .06312378   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(236, 4162) =     1.05           Prob > F = 0.2875

.  test L4growWB+L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L4growWB + L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4162) =    2.03
            Prob > F =    0.1541


. xtreg DS  L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB laglgdpWB  lpop_WB , fe i(regyr);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      4336
Group variable (i) : regyr                      Number of groups   =       244

R-sq:  within  = 0.0036                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0041                                        avg =      17.8
       overall = 0.0022                                        max =        45

                                                F(5,4087)          =      2.96
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0673                        Prob > F           =    0.0114

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    L3growWB |    .001619   .0005748     2.82   0.005      .000492    .0027459
    L2growWB |  -.0015336   .0005985    -2.56   0.010    -.0027071   -.0003602
    L1growWB |   .0012413   .0005995     2.07   0.038     .0000659    .0024166
   laglgdpWB |  -.0018773   .0028172    -0.67   0.505    -.0074006    .0036459
     lpop_WB |   .0003441   .0017859     0.19   0.847    -.0031572    .0038454
       _cons |   .0061014   .0374786     0.16   0.871    -.0673772    .0795799
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  .05157482
     sigma_e |  .19907341
         rho |  .06289785   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(243, 4087) =     0.97           Prob > F = 0.6302

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

       F(  1,  4087) =    2.81
            Prob > F =    0.0939


. oprobit DS  L3growWB L2growWB L1growWB laglgdpWB  lpop_WB;

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -1031.6249
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -1026.1933
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -1026.1715

Ordered probit estimates                          Number of obs   =       4336
                                                  LR chi2(5)      =      10.91
                                                  Prob > chi2     =     0.0533
Log likelihood = -1026.1715                       Pseudo R2       =     0.0053

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          DS |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    L3growWB |   .0112163   .0051539     2.18   0.030     .0011148    .0213177
    L2growWB |  -.0157329   .0053886    -2.92   0.004    -.0262944   -.0051714
    L1growWB |   .0074936   .0053408     1.40   0.161    -.0029743    .0179614
   laglgdpWB |  -.0034357   .0198069    -0.17   0.862    -.0422565    .0353851
     lpop_WB |   .0036787   .0164742     0.22   0.823    -.0286102    .0359676
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       _cut1 |  -2.054357   .3099502          (Ancillary parameters)
       _cut2 |  -2.001067   .3097882 
       _cut3 |   2.016714   .3100291 
       _cut4 |   2.123654   .3103383 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  test L3growWB+ L2growWB+ L1growWB=0;

 ( 1)  L3growWB + L2growWB + L1growWB = 0.0

           chi2(  1) =    0.19
         Prob > chi2 =    0.6649


. /*
> 
> /* models relating to original manuscript version */ 
> /*model 8 */
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR WSincomeresWB invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> 
> /*model 9 */
> gen demres2=demres^2;
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR WSincomeresWB invest savings demres demres2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2, fe i(regyr);
> 
> /*model 10 */
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR WSincomeresWB invest savings demres demres2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR WSincomeres invest savings demres demres2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> 
> 
> /*model 11 */
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR lgdpWB invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings , fe i(regyr);
> 
> /*model 12 */
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR lgdpWB invest savings demaut demaut2, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2, fe i(regyr);
> 
> /*model 13 */
> xtreg lrgdpc laglrgdpc  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg grow  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR lgdpWB invest savings demaut demaut2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> xtreg LongGR1  DW30 lpop CL PR lrgdpc invest savings demaut demaut2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr);
> 
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR WSincomeresWB invest savings demres demres2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr)
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR WSincomeresWB invest savings demres demres2, fe i(regyr)
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 lpop_WB CL PR lgdpWB invest savings demaut demaut2 Parl_Pres, fe i(regyr)
> 
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 W W2 lpop_WB WSincomeresWB invest , fe i(regyr)
>  gen Winvest=W*invest
> xtreg WB_growth  DW30 W W2 lpop_WB WSincomeresWB invest Winvest , fe i(regyr)
> */
> 
> 
> /***** Foreign Aid *****/
> /* controversal what effect Aid has. It depends upon institutions*/
> 
> gen Waid_gdp=W*aid_gdp;
(15451 missing values generated)

. gen WlaglgdpWB=W*laglgdpWB;
(14431 missing values generated)

. xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3949
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.0246                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0011                                        avg =      26.7
       overall = 0.0008                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3798)          =     31.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8991                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   20.61359   4.395553     4.69   0.000     11.99572    29.23147
     aid_gdp |  -13.46105   2.877974    -4.68   0.000    -19.10358   -7.818532
     lpop_WB |  -3.153431   .3848801    -8.19   0.000    -3.908023   -2.398839
       _cons |   52.14758   5.857055     8.90   0.000      40.6643    63.63085
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4495924
     sigma_e |   6.092657
         rho |  .59920413   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 3798) =     5.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3949
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.0246                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0011                                        avg =      26.7
       overall = 0.0008                                        max =        39

                                                F(3,3798)          =     31.90
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8991                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   20.61359   4.395553     4.69   0.000     11.99572    29.23147
     aid_gdp |  -13.46105   2.877974    -4.68   0.000    -19.10358   -7.818532
     lpop_WB |  -3.153431   .3848801    -8.19   0.000    -3.908023   -2.398839
       _cons |   52.14758   5.857055     8.90   0.000      40.6643    63.63085
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4495924
     sigma_e |   6.092657
         rho |  .59920413   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 3798) =     5.96           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB  W , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3949
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.0246                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0011                                        avg =      26.7
       overall = 0.0008                                        max =        39

                                                F(4,3797)          =     23.93
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8983                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   21.21634   5.194555     4.08   0.000     11.03195    31.40072
     aid_gdp |  -13.78863   3.247564    -4.25   0.000    -20.15577   -7.421496
     lpop_WB |  -3.140577   .3894256    -8.06   0.000    -3.904081   -2.377074
           W |  -.1393499   .6397676    -0.22   0.828    -1.393671    1.114971
       _cons |   52.02667    5.88403     8.84   0.000     40.49051    63.56284
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4277149
     sigma_e |  6.0934212
         rho |  .59773036   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 3797) =     5.91           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB W w2 , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3949
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       148

R-sq:  within  = 0.0252                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0009                                        avg =      26.7
       overall = 0.0008                                        max =        39

                                                F(5,3796)          =     19.60
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9012                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   21.64274   5.201558     4.16   0.000     11.44462    31.84085
     aid_gdp |  -14.06585   3.252342    -4.32   0.000    -20.44236   -7.689347
     lpop_WB |  -3.188741   .3906963    -8.16   0.000    -3.954736   -2.422746
           W |  -2.527607   1.722571    -1.47   0.142     -5.90486    .8496465
          w2 |   2.704504   1.811188     1.49   0.135    -.8464922    6.255499
       _cons |   53.06357   5.923917     8.96   0.000      41.4492    64.67793
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.5285644
     sigma_e |  6.0924347
         rho |  .60427578   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(147, 3796) =     5.92           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB W w2 S, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3715
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       144

R-sq:  within  = 0.0274                         Obs per group: min =         1
       between = 0.0008                                        avg =      25.8
       overall = 0.0002                                        max =        39

                                                F(6,3565)          =     16.75
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8997                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   22.04012   5.146308     4.28   0.000     11.95012    32.13013
     aid_gdp |  -14.38973   3.278474    -4.39   0.000     -20.8176   -7.961852
     lpop_WB |  -3.241972    .404977    -8.01   0.000    -4.035982   -2.447962
           W |  -1.406587   2.050886    -0.69   0.493    -5.427616    2.614441
          w2 |   1.615539   2.072551     0.78   0.436    -2.447965    5.679043
           S |  -.1508671   .4326293    -0.35   0.727    -.9990929    .6973588
       _cons |   54.10593   6.174032     8.76   0.000     42.00094    66.21092
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.6160965
     sigma_e |  5.9360841
         rho |  .62208997   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(143, 3565) =     6.21           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB W w2 S laglgdpWB, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3714
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       143

R-sq:  within  = 0.0554                         Obs per group: min =         4
       between = 0.0007                                        avg =      26.0
       overall = 0.0000                                        max =        39

                                                F(7,3564)          =     29.84
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8307                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   18.28065   5.085749     3.59   0.000     8.309378    28.25192
     aid_gdp |  -17.23068   3.243311    -5.31   0.000    -23.58962   -10.87175
     lpop_WB |   -1.41514   .4370291    -3.24   0.001    -2.271992    -.558288
           W |  -1.174152    2.02162    -0.58   0.561      -5.1378    2.789496
          w2 |   1.570514   2.042852     0.77   0.442    -2.434762    5.575789
           S |   .1561798   .4274761     0.37   0.715    -.6819427    .9943023
   laglgdpWB |  -4.287152   .4175363   -10.27   0.000    -5.105786   -3.468518
       _cons |   55.80676   6.088309     9.17   0.000     43.86984    67.74368
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.2581476
     sigma_e |  5.8510084
         rho |  .53358446   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(142, 3564) =     7.17           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  xtreg WB_growth Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB W w2 S laglgdpWB WlaglgdpWB, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3714
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       143

R-sq:  within  = 0.0569                         Obs per group: min =         4
       between = 0.0009                                        avg =      26.0
       overall = 0.0000                                        max =        39

                                                F(8,3563)          =     26.89
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8360                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
    Waid_gdp |   23.52574   5.517983     4.26   0.000     12.70702    34.34447
     aid_gdp |  -19.93951   3.425857    -5.82   0.000    -26.65635   -13.22267
     lpop_WB |   -1.46796   .4372615    -3.36   0.001    -2.325268   -.6106523
           W |  -9.324416   3.903152    -2.39   0.017    -16.97705    -1.67178
          w2 |  -.0383123   2.145236    -0.02   0.986    -4.244326    4.167702
           S |   .1308531   .4273053     0.31   0.759    -.7069345    .9686406
   laglgdpWB |  -5.088324   .5309125    -9.58   0.000    -6.129247   -4.047401
  WlaglgdpWB |   1.397959   .5728286     2.44   0.015     .2748535    2.521064
       _cons |   61.79965   6.560965     9.42   0.000     48.93603    74.66328
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  6.3299793
     sigma_e |  5.8469447
         rho |  .53960571   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(142, 3563) =     7.22           Prob > F = 0.0000

.   reg3 (invest W Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB PR lgdpWB  ) (WB_grow Waid_gdp aid_gdp invest   lpop_WB   ) 
>                                                                                         ,  endog(WB_grow invest ) ;

Three-stage least squares regression
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Equation          Obs  Parms        RMSE    "R-sq"       chi2        P
----------------------------------------------------------------------
invest           2449      6    8.279797    0.1292   363.3122   0.0000
WB_growth        2449      4    6.572997    0.0692   16.21064   0.0027
----------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
invest       |
           W |   5.102003   1.034071     4.93   0.000      3.07526    7.128745
    Waid_gdp |  -2.595674   6.614027    -0.39   0.695    -15.55893    10.36758
     aid_gdp |   18.42607   3.980452     4.63   0.000     10.62453    26.22762
     lpop_WB |  -.1458731   .1234139    -1.18   0.237      -.38776    .0960137
          PR |  -.9402282      .1431    -6.57   0.000    -1.220699   -.6597573
      lgdpWB |    3.03588   .1902188    15.96   0.000     2.663058    3.408702
       _cons |   2.041026   2.851188     0.72   0.474      -3.5472    7.629251
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
WB_growth    |
    Waid_gdp |   1.812783   4.244016     0.43   0.669    -6.505335     10.1309
     aid_gdp |   -.454511   2.480731    -0.18   0.855    -5.316655    4.407633
      invest |   .1814514   .0470943     3.85   0.000     .0891482    .2737545
     lpop_WB |   .1222966   .0990882     1.23   0.217    -.0719126    .3165059
       _cons |  -2.348371   2.249992    -1.04   0.297    -6.758275    2.061533
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endogenous variables:  invest WB_growth 
Exogenous variables:   W Waid_gdp aid_gdp lpop_WB PR lgdpWB 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\DOCUME~1\ams64\LOCALS~1\Temp\STD030000.tmp"

. tsset ccode year;
; invalid name
r(198);

end of do-file
r(198);

. do "C:\DOCUME~1\ams64\LOCALS~1\Temp\STD030000.tmp"

. #delimit ;
delimiter now ;
. tsset ccode year;
       panel variable:  ccode, 2 to 990
        time variable:  year, 1763 to 2000, but with gaps

. gen DW20=W-L2.W;
(633 missing values generated)

.  label var DW20 "Change in W: W-L2.W: directional political change";

. tsset, clear;

. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\DOCUME~1\ams64\LOCALS~1\Temp\STD030000.tmp"

. #delimit ;
delimiter now ;
. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20 if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3544
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       120

R-sq:  within  = 0.0044                         Obs per group: min =         5
       between = 0.0034                                        avg =      29.5
       overall = 0.0032                                        max =        39

                                                F(4,3420)          =      3.78
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.0269                        Prob > F           =    0.0045

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.0748678   .6645307    -0.11   0.910    -1.377785     1.22805
           S |   -.608657   .4042692    -1.51   0.132     -1.40129    .1839765
   polchange |  -3.732181   1.049652    -3.56   0.000     -5.79019   -1.674172
        DW20 |   .8757002   .6550563     1.34   0.181     -.408641    2.160042
       _cons |   4.208422   .3480347    12.09   0.000     3.526045    4.890799
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  3.0473591
     sigma_e |  6.2169255
         rho |  .19372265   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(119, 3420) =     3.95           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange  DW20  lpop_WB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3539
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       119

R-sq:  within  = 0.0313                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0078                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0012                                        max =        39

                                                F(5,3415)          =     22.06
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9373                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0004144   .6554777     0.00   0.999    -1.284754    1.285583
           S |  -.2169544   .4007453    -0.54   0.588    -1.002679    .5687704
   polchange |  -3.908338   1.035437    -3.77   0.000    -5.938476     -1.8782
        DW20 |   .9757986   .6464677     1.51   0.131     -.291704    2.243301
     lpop_WB |  -4.097426   .4209135    -9.73   0.000    -4.922693   -3.272158
       _cons |   67.08827   6.469178    10.37   0.000     54.40442    79.77212
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.5500862
     sigma_e |  6.1316434
         rho |  .60257176   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(118, 3415) =     4.87           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3325
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       112

R-sq:  within  = 0.0284                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0097                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0015                                        max =        39

                                                F(6,3207)          =     15.64
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9358                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.863728   1.598142     1.79   0.073    -.2697548    5.997211
           S |  -.9521512    .640691    -1.49   0.137    -2.208356    .3040541
   polchange |  -3.831092   1.017785    -3.76   0.000    -5.826667   -1.835517
        DW20 |   1.113124   .6333713     1.76   0.079    -.1287294    2.354978
     lpop_WB |  -3.790658   .4310155    -8.79   0.000    -4.635752   -2.945564
WSincomere~B |   .8130707   .4066714     2.00   0.046     .0157085    1.610433
       _cons |   61.48888   6.523073     9.43   0.000     48.69907     74.2787
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4539909
     sigma_e |  5.7484398
         rho |  .62706409   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(111, 3207) =     5.20           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W w2 S polchange DW20  lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      3325
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       112

R-sq:  within  = 0.0289                         Obs per group: min =         7
       between = 0.0099                                        avg =      29.7
       overall = 0.0016                                        max =        39

                                                F(7,3206)          =     13.63
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9347                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   5.225044   2.455696     2.13   0.033     .4101512    10.03994
          w2 |   -2.25279   1.778937    -1.27   0.205    -5.740759    1.235179
           S |  -1.188466   .6672558    -1.78   0.075    -2.496757    .1198252
   polchange |  -3.741596    1.02014    -3.67   0.000    -5.741789   -1.741403
        DW20 |   1.044878   .6356004     1.64   0.100    -.2013459    2.291103
     lpop_WB |  -3.755214   .4318829    -8.69   0.000    -4.602009    -2.90842
WSincomere~B |   .8571819   .4081223     2.10   0.036     .0569747    1.657389
       _cons |   60.71624   6.550933     9.27   0.000      47.8718    73.56068
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.4074744
     sigma_e |  5.7478989
         rho |  .62417575   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(111, 3206) =     5.17           Prob > F = 0.0000

.  test W w2;

 ( 1)  W = 0.0
 ( 2)  w2 = 0.0

       F(  2,  3206) =    2.41
            Prob > F =    0.0902


. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB investres savingsres if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2772
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.0564                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0111                                        avg =      25.0
       overall = 0.0040                                        max =        39

                                                F(8,2653)          =     19.83
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9274                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -.9705776   1.929403    -0.50   0.615    -4.753863    2.812708
           S |   .9217692   .7542953     1.22   0.222    -.5572972    2.400836
   polchange |  -3.469673   1.090959    -3.18   0.001    -5.608889   -1.330456
        DW20 |   .3654638   .6953241     0.53   0.599    -.9979684    1.728896
     lpop_WB |  -4.044146   .5354004    -7.55   0.000     -5.09399   -2.994301
WSincomere~B |  -.9218154   .5093511    -1.81   0.070    -1.920581    .0769501
   investres |   .1324993   .0204706     6.47   0.000     .0923594    .1726393
  savingsres |   .0668203   .0166148     4.02   0.000      .034241    .0993996
       _cons |   65.84264   8.077373     8.15   0.000     50.00406    81.68123
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.6826755
     sigma_e |  5.5889828
         rho |   .6539259   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 2653) =     4.99           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB investres savingsres CLres PRres if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.0476                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0061                                        max =        28

                                                F(10,2023)         =     10.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8271                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .9564929    2.86731     0.33   0.739    -4.666696    6.579682
           S |   .0679611   1.073408     0.06   0.950    -2.037138    2.173061
   polchange |   -3.74352   1.259586    -2.97   0.003    -6.213741     -1.2733
        DW20 |    .169597   .8213272     0.21   0.836    -1.441138    1.780332
     lpop_WB |  -3.024811   .7750899    -3.90   0.000    -4.544868   -1.504753
WSincomere~B |  -.5496902   .7772398    -0.71   0.480    -2.073964    .9745838
   investres |   .1512285   .0252125     6.00   0.000     .1017833    .2006736
  savingsres |   .0611654   .0203646     3.00   0.003     .0212277    .1011031
       CLres |   .1467149   .1957883     0.75   0.454    -.2372528    .5306826
       PRres |  -.1590825   .1867607    -0.85   0.394    -.5253459    .2071809
       _cons |   50.54637   12.06362     4.19   0.000     26.88795    74.20479
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.2713371
     sigma_e |  5.8108197
         rho |   .4514348   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2023) =     3.78            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB  WSincomeresWB invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.0476                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0031                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0061                                        max =        28

                                                F(10,2023)         =     10.12
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8271                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   .0525794   3.035737     0.02   0.986    -5.900918    6.006076
           S |   .0679611   1.073408     0.06   0.950    -2.037138    2.173061
   polchange |   -3.74352   1.259586    -2.97   0.003    -6.213741     -1.2733
        DW20 |   .1695971   .8213272     0.21   0.836    -1.441138    1.780332
     lpop_WB |  -3.024811   .7750899    -3.90   0.000    -4.544868   -1.504753
WSincomere~B |  -.5496902   .7772398    -0.71   0.480    -2.073964    .9745838
      invest |   .1512285   .0252125     6.00   0.000     .1017833    .2006736
     savings |   .0611654   .0203646     3.00   0.003     .0212277    .1011031
          CL |   .1467149   .1957883     0.75   0.454    -.2372528    .5306825
          PR |  -.1590825   .1867607    -0.85   0.394    -.5253459    .2071809
       _cons |   46.83863   12.12096     3.86   0.000     23.06777     70.6095
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.2713371
     sigma_e |  5.8108197
         rho |   .4514348   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2023) =     3.78            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB   invest savings CL PR if grochan>0 , fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2207
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       103

R-sq:  within  = 0.0442                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0022                                        avg =      21.4
       overall = 0.0051                                        max =        28

                                                F(9,2095)          =     10.76
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.8513                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.854784   1.069749     1.73   0.083    -.2430972    3.952664
           S |  -.4269407   .5278056    -0.81   0.419    -1.462019    .6081374
   polchange |   -3.73495   1.262858    -2.96   0.003    -6.211536   -1.258363
        DW20 |   .2506894   .8261365     0.30   0.762    -1.369444    1.870823
     lpop_WB |  -3.211844   .7661726    -4.19   0.000    -4.714383   -1.709305
      invest |   .1377122   .0249376     5.52   0.000     .0888072    .1866172
     savings |   .0608172   .0187187     3.25   0.001     .0241081    .0975263
          CL |   .1659461   .1956272     0.85   0.396    -.2176977    .5495899
          PR |  -.1674152   .1880006    -0.89   0.373    -.5361026    .2012722
       _cons |   49.66687   12.04607     4.12   0.000     26.04335    73.29038
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  5.5746035
     sigma_e |  5.8995197
         rho |  .47170538   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(102, 2095) =     3.61           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange  DW20 lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2772
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =       111

R-sq:  within  = 0.1310                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0060                                        avg =      25.0
       overall = 0.0014                                        max =        39

                                                F(8,2653)          =     50.00
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9087                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   1.469333   .6856347     2.14   0.032     .1249004    2.813766
           S |   .1059223   .4319799     0.25   0.806    -.7411292    .9529738
   polchange |  -4.004292    1.04601    -3.83   0.000    -6.055371   -1.953214
        DW20 |   .0905443   .6672946     0.14   0.892    -1.217926    1.399015
     lpop_WB |  -1.603041   .5167558    -3.10   0.002    -2.616326    -.589756
   laglgdpWB |  -7.141532   .4696108   -15.21   0.000    -8.062372   -6.220691
      invest |   .1650396   .0195445     8.44   0.000     .1267156    .2033635
     savings |    .147688   .0157566     9.37   0.000     .1167915    .1785844
       _cons |   72.43284   7.387696     9.80   0.000     57.94661    86.91906
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |  7.7012232
     sigma_e |  5.3635443
         rho |  .67337911   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(110, 2653) =     7.38           Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W S polchange DW20  lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.1598                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0068                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0004                                        max =        28

                                                F(10,2023)         =     38.47
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9591                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |   2.211346   1.004256     2.20   0.028     .2418625    4.180829
           S |  -.1459946   .5178383    -0.28   0.778    -1.161547    .8695573
   polchange |  -4.760662   1.180947    -4.03   0.000    -7.076661   -2.444663
        DW20 |   .1388244   .7714611     0.18   0.857    -1.374117    1.651765
     lpop_WB |  -.9838473   .7294043    -1.35   0.178    -2.414309    .4466147
   laglgdpWB |  -11.31381   .6878385   -16.45   0.000    -12.66275   -9.964863
      invest |    .184069   .0235445     7.82   0.000      .137895     .230243
     savings |   .1611894   .0188813     8.54   0.000     .1241606    .1982181
          CL |   .3365572   .1837657     1.83   0.067    -.0238325    .6969469
          PR |   -.186299   .1754028    -1.06   0.288     -.530288      .15769
       _cons |   89.89886   11.55573     7.78   0.000     67.23648    112.5612
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   12.37205
     sigma_e |  5.4580195
         rho |  .83708647   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2023) =     6.88            Prob > F = 0.0000

. xtreg WB_growth  W w2 S polchange  DW20 lpop_WB laglgdpWB  invest savings CL PR if grochan>0, fe i(ccode);

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs      =      2131
Group variable (i) : ccode                      Number of groups   =        98

R-sq:  within  = 0.1607                         Obs per group: min =         6
       between = 0.0068                                        avg =      21.7
       overall = 0.0003                                        max =        28

                                                F(11,2022)         =     35.21
corr(u_i, Xb)  = -0.9598                        Prob > F           =    0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   WB_growth |      Coef.   Std. Err.      t    P>|t|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           W |  -1.153868   2.424232    -0.48   0.634    -5.908121    3.600384
          w2 |   3.747045   2.456956     1.53   0.127    -1.071385    8.565475
           S |   .1788731   .5597832     0.32   0.749     -.918939    1.276685
   polchange |  -4.837467   1.181634    -4.09   0.000    -7.154814    -2.52012
        DW20 |   .2151909   .7728323     0.28   0.781     -1.30044    1.730822
     lpop_WB |  -1.020126   .7295533    -1.40   0.162    -2.450881    .4106285
   laglgdpWB |   -11.4481   .6932289   -16.51   0.000    -12.80762   -10.08859
      invest |   .1847151   .0235406     7.85   0.000     .1385487    .2308814
     savings |   .1626581   .0188996     8.61   0.000     .1255933    .1997229
          CL |   .3118754    .184417     1.69   0.091    -.0497917    .6735425
          PR |  -.2317742   .1778627    -1.30   0.193    -.5805875     .117039
       _cons |   91.76694   11.61671     7.90   0.000     68.98497    114.5489
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     sigma_u |   12.47466
     sigma_e |  5.4562319
         rho |  .83941501   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0:     F(97, 2022) =     6.90            Prob > F = 0.0000

.  test W w2;

 ( 1)  W = 0.0
 ( 2)  w2 = 0.0

       F(  2,  2022) =    3.59
            Prob > F =    0.0278


. 
end of do-file

. exit, clear
